Wikipedia:Schools/Teachers' Guide
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This page answers the main questions teachers may have about Wikipedia and suggests a good way of introducing the Simple English Wikipedia into a classroom environment. If you don't know much about Wikipedia, read Wikipedia:About for a basic introduction.
Wikipedia aims to be the ultimate learning resource, the sum of all human knowledge. Yet many students may have difficulty understanding the complex language used by the English Wikipedia, and require a simpler version, which is easier to understand and still provides them with the information they need. The Simple English Wikipedia is an encyclopedia to help make this happen, to provide students and learners of English with a simple, free resource.
Concepts such as open source, copyleft, collaborative writing, and volunteer contributions for the public good can be new and unfamiliar ideas in educational settings. Wikipedia offers an opportunity for educators to explore concepts of public trust that are likely to continue growing in prominence throughout the lives of today's record population of youth.
[edit] FAQ
[edit] Is Wikipedia accurate and reliable?
Generally, yes, Wikipedia is accurate. Wikipedia is rapidly developing, so the reliability of the encyclopedia is improving all the time. Because readers continually compare articles to what they already know, articles tend to become more accurate and detailed. Certain articles about many of the major sciences were developed from other free or public domain encyclopedias. This provides a reliable basis upon which encyclopedia writers could develop more current information. Wikipedia is cited almost daily in the press.
On the other hand, it is possible for an article on Wikipedia to be biased, outdated, or factually incorrect. This is true for any resource. One should always double-check the accuracy of important facts, regardless of the source. In general, popular articles are more accurate because they are read more often and therefore any errors are corrected in a more timely fashion. In particular, there may be a Western bias since that is where most contributors are from.
[edit] What keeps someone from contributing false or misleading information?
Nothing. Anyone can, at this very moment, go to almost any page and change the information to make it misleading or wrong. Very specific minor facts, like an exact date for a not very important historical detail, are less trustworthy since vandals sometimes change them.
However, it probably will not stay that way very long. Scores of contributors monitor the list of contributions (particularly to important or controversial articles), and will quickly delete nonsense or obviously wrong articles, and undo baseless edits. Many users watch Wikipedia's recent changes, particularly for those from anonymous users, and major articles are usually on several individuals' personal watch lists as well. If an anonymous or relatively new user changes a number or a date by a little bit, without justifying their edit, it is particularly likely to raise a red flag.
But Wikipedia cannot be perfect. There is almost certainly inaccurate information in it, somewhere, which has not yet been discovered to be wrong. Therefore, if you are using Wikipedia for important research or a school project, you should always verify the information somewhere else — just like you should with all sources.
[edit] Can students cite Wikipedia in assignments?
It depends on what teachers accept. The best policy for all writing is to have more than one source. Wikipedia can be an excellent starting place for further research. Teachers might ask students what they did to validate the information they learned from Wikipedia. Using a comprehensive search engine such as Google, students can easily compare Wikipedia content with information from other reputable websites. Students can compare information in Wikipedia with information in other encyclopedias or books. In addition, most of our better articles have sections such as "References," "Sources," "Notes," "Further reading," or "External links," which generally contain information about sources.
For purposes of establishing authorship and finding more sources, students may also find the articles' "History" tabs useful, as these detail every contribution — the contributor and what he or she contributed. All of our registered contributors have Talk pages for leaving them notes and many can be contacted through a form on this website by other registered users, including students, if they choose to register. A toolbox link ("E-mail this user") is also visible on user pages while logged in.
[edit] Is it a safe environment for young people?
Wikipedia is as safe as most interactive online environments. Participation in Wikipedia is probably safe for youths who know basic Internet safety practices. Wikipedia is not a social organization, and provides few opportunities for casual social interaction. Because other editors routinely monitor Wikipedia, inappropriate activity is quickly noticed and stopped.
However, Wikipedia is not bowdlerized or censored. It contains articles on subjects such as racial slurs, controversial political groups and movements, and sexual acts. Pages which are normally appropriate for children to use are occasionally vandalized with rude words or content which may be offensive. Vandalism is normally noticed and removed within a few minutes —if not seconds—but it is still possible that a person may access a page before this is dealt with. Teachers should supervise young children on Wikipedia, as they would in any other online environment.
[edit] What is open-source media?
Open-source media is a kind of information produced by open groups of developers in which anybody who wants to can use the information. Open-source production emerged among software engineers with the production of GNU/Linux, an open-source computer operating system. MediaWiki is an open source software package that supports an open source encyclopedia.
Open-source production relies on qualified users to maintain a constantly improving collection, whether it is an open collection of computer code or of encyclopedic information. Open source collections typically maintain back-up resources, so if a developer accidentally damages the code or the content, it can easily be reverted to an earlier, stable version. The same backup system provides protection against malicious damage to an open-source project.
[edit] Why do people contribute to open-source projects?
Few surveys have developed reliable answers to why people contribute to open source works like Wikipedia. Some sort of public interest or community spirit is often part of the motive. Open-source projects offer an opportunity to contribute to something that has lasting value and that will continue to grow. Open-source publishing allows writers and software developers to apply their skills outside of a strictly business environment. Casual writers and editors sometimes participate as a hobby or as a learning experience.
[edit] Why have we not heard of this before?
Wikipedia is relatively new, but chances are always getting better than ever that you have heard of it before. Wikipedia's rapid growth recently has been reported in many prominent media outlets. Wikipedia was established in January 2001, and is now making a place for itself in the world's collection of knowledge. As the encyclopedia grows, more people learn about it every day, much in the same way Internet use surged in the late 1990s.
Many other online encyclopedias simply copy (parts of) Wikipedia, which is allowed because it is Open Source. This should be mentioned on the page, but the message can be hard to notice. So you may have come across a Wikipedia article without knowing it. However, considering the speed at which Wikipedia develops, these are often quite out of date.
Wikipedia does not advertise as many new services do, so public knowledge of Wikipedia is mostly a result of word of mouth, readers discovering the service while browsing online, or people learning about the encyclopedia from news reports.
[edit] Beyond information from the encyclopedia, what can students learn from Wikipedia?
Most youths will likely at some point become involved in interactive online activities. For educators, youths' involvement with Wikipedia provides an opportunity to survey youths' understanding of online safety, and to teach appropriate practices. Educators can use Wikipedia as a way of teaching students to develop hierarchies of credibility that are essential for navigating and conducting research on the Internet.
Wikipedia provides an opportunity for teachers to discuss the concept of the public domain. Wikipedia is an opportunity to participate in an open community that relies primarily on mutual respect and cooperation, but which is not related to familiar authority figures some youths might tend to oppose.
Editing in Wikipedia is an opportunity to learn to participate in collective editorial processes. Wikipedia presents a ready opportunity for youths to research, compile and publish articles for peer review. For youths who contribute images, selection and production of an image provides opportunities to learn what a market wants from an artist. Youths who master skills for accurate writing and drawing about encyclopedic subjects are better equipped to develop their own style in more creative genres.
Because all articles in Wikipedia must conform to neutral point-of-view, students participating in collaborative editing activities on Wikipedia are building experience in detecting and eliminating bias in writing.
[edit] Wikipedia in the classroom
[edit] Access
There are three ways you can give your students access to Wikipedia:
[edit] Through a class username
This is recommended as this gives you most control over the contributions made by your class. Through your contributions page, you will be able to watch all of the edits made by your class and see the changes they have made. If any of your students have made any inappropiate edits, you can quickly take action to stop the behavior. This can be very important: if an administrator detects a large amount of vandalism from your IP address or user name, then your class will simply be blocked from editing, at which point your lesson may come to an abrupt halt.
If creating a class username, please add {{schooluser}} to your talk page. This lets administrators know that they are dealing with multiple users and to ignore much of the user testing. However, if there is continued vandalism after warning, your username will still be blocked.
[edit] Anonymously through an IP address
This allows students to access and edit Wikipedia without a username. This can mean that it is more difficult to watch the edits made by your class, increasing the risk of the IP address being blocked. As many schools share the same IP address, this would most likely stop every student in the school from editing until the block expires.
[edit] Individual student usernames
This is not recommended as this gives the least control over edits made by students. Although this will most likely avoid school-wide blocks, it is extremely difficult to watch all of your students' contributions and check for offensive content.
[edit] Notification
Please notify administrators of the planned date and time of your activity, and the username/IP you will be using. Hopefully, admins will then be available to provide assistance to you and your students.
[edit] Introducing Wikipedia
Make sure all students take the 5-minute student tutorial. This will give them a basic introduction to the concepts of Wikipedia and how to edit.
After the tutorial, you could let students try out their editing in the sandbox before giving them their project or tasks. This helps to cut down on the work for other contributors (or you) removing the nonsense that your students will inevitably put on articles to test out their new skills. Remember: testing is fine, vandalism is not.
[edit] Setting projects
You decide! There are hundreds of possible projects and tasks students can complete on Wikipedia.
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- Here's a quick scenario. Take a group of fifth-grade students and break them into groups, with each group picking a topic that interests them. Any topic. Dolphins, horses, hockey, you name it.
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- Next, send the groups of kids to Wikipedia to look up the topic they selected. Chances are, someone has already created a Wikipedia entry on that particular subject. The horse, for example, has an extensive entry on the website. It certainly looks accurate and informative, but is it? Unfortunately, there are no citations for any of the facts claimed about horses on the page.
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- This is where it gets fun. The group of students breaks down the content on the page into manageable chunks, each with a certain amount of facts that need to be verified. The students then spend the necessary time to fact-check the content. As the students work their way through the list, they'll find themselves with two possible outcomes: either they'll verify that a particular factoid is correct, or they'll prove that it's not. Either way, they'll generate a paper trail, as it were, of sources proving the various claims one way or another.
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- Once the Wikipedia entry has been fact-checked, the teacher creates a Wikipedia login for the class. They go to the entry's talk page and present their findings, laying out every idea that needs to be corrected. Then, they edit the actual entry to make the corrections, with all sources cited. Similarly, for all the parts of the entry they've verified as accurate, they list sources confirming it. That way, each idea presented in the Wikipedia entry has been verified and referenced - hopefully with multiple sources.
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- Get enough classrooms doing this, you kill several birds with one stone: Wikipedia's information gets better, students help give back to the Net by improving the accuracy of an important online resource, and teachers have a way to make lemons into lemonade, turning Wikipedia from a questionable information source to a powerful tool for information literacy. -- Turning Wikipedia into an Asset for Schools, Andy Carvin, "Waste of Bandwidth" blog, July 11, 2005
[edit] Monitoring student contributions
To check what your students are submitting on a class username, click the "My changes" link in the upper-right corner of your screen. This will show all contributions under that username. Click (diff) next to an item to see what changes have been made.
[edit] Reverting a page
If you find any inappropriate edits by your students, you need to revert it as quickly as possibly. To do this from the revision differences page, click the link to the previous version of the page, which will probably look something like 'Revision as of 04:27, 17 April 2007'. You will be taken to the older version of the page. Click the 'change this page' link. Make no changes, but place 'rvt - TEACHER' in the edit summary box.
When you save the page, the edits will be overwritten. You can then warn students about vandalism and how it could lead to blocking - ruining the entire class's projects may put off the vandalising student.
[edit] Help
Most members of Wikipedia will be willing to help you if you ever have any problems, just leave a note on their talk page. If you require an administrator for more advanced operations such as edit deletion, see Wikipedia:Administrators.
[edit] My class has been blocked!
On the error page you see if you try to edit a page, you will see the administrator who blocked your username/IP address. You can then appeal to this administrator to be unblocked. Remember: being a school user does not grant you unlimited rights. In other words, if your class (or you!) vandalise a large amount of pages, you will be blocked and have no priority for unblocking. It is up to you to maintain control of your students - Wikipedia administrators must protect the encyclopedia.
[edit] My students have created a useless page!
Just add {{delete|Useless page - school user}} to the top of the page. Replace 'useless page' with another reason if you think it is not appropriate. This adds the page to the list of pages to be deleted. An administrator will then be able to delete this page.
[edit] Where can I find out more about editing Wikipedia?
Try the Help Centre. If you have a specific question, leave it on Simple talk. If you want to know more about Wikipedia, read Wikipedia:About. Be familiar with the rules. Happy editing!
