Cebu
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| Website: www.cebucity.gov.ph | |
Thành phố Cebu (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Cebu; Filipino: Lungsod ng Cebu) là tỉnh lỵ của tỉnh Cebu, Philippines và là trung tâm đô thị quan trọng thứ 2 của đảo quốc này. Thành phố Cebu tọa lạc ở bờ đông của đảo Cebu và là khu định cư đầu tiên của người Tây Ban Nha tại đất nước này. Cebu có diện tích 291,2 km2 và dân số năm 2000 là 718.821 người với 147.600 hộ. Thành phố Cebu là trung tâm tàu biển nội địa của đảo quốc này với số lượng các công ty tàu biển liên đảo chiếm 80% tổng số của cả nước. Cebu cũng là một trung tâm các chuyến bay quốc tế (ngoài thủ đô ra) và cũng là trung tâm thương mại, công nghiệp quan trọng nhất của Visayas và Mindanao,
Thành phố Cebu là trung tâm của vùng đô thị gọi là Metro Cebu, vùng này bao gồm thành phố Maudaue, Lapu và thành phố Talisay. Metro Cebu có dân số hơn 2 triệu người. Sân bay quốc tế Mactan-Cebu, tọa lạc ở thành phố Lapu-Lapu cách thành phố Cebu 20 phút đi xe hơi. Về phía đông bắc của thành phố là thành phố Mandau và thị xã Consolacion, về phía tây là thành phố Toledo, thị xã Balamban, và Asturias, về phía nam là thành phố Talisay và thị xã [Minglanilla]]. Qua Eo biển Mactan về phía đông là đảo Mactan nơi có thành phố Lapu-Lapu.
Mục lục |
[sửa] Lịch sử
Cebu, hay Sugbu, đã là một khu dân cư thịnh vượng trước khi bị Tây Ban Nha đô hộ. Cebu đã có quan hệ mậu dịch với Trung Hoa và các nước Đông Nam Á.
Ngày 7/4/1521, Ferdinand Magellan cập bờ Cebu. Ông ta được tiếp đón nồng nhiệt bởi Rajah Humabon, who, together with his wife and about 800 natives, were baptized by the Spaniards on April 14, 1521 and are considered to be the first Filipino Catholics. Magellan, however, failed to successfully claim the Philippines for the crown of Spain, having been slain in neighboring Mactan Island on April 27, 1521 by the chieftain Lapu-lapu.
On April 27, 1565, Miguel López de Legazpi, with Augustinian Friar Andrés de Urdaneta, landed in Cebu. Legazpi renamed the city on January 1, 1571, from San Miguel to Villa del Santissimo Nombre de Jesus. During this six year period, Cebu City was the capital of the newly established Spanish colony.
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Xem thêm: Manila Galleon
The province of Cebu was created under Act No. 2711 on March 10, 1917. It is the home province of Sergio Osmeña who succeeded Manuel L. Quezon as Commonwealth president during World War II.
In December 2006, Cebu City will co-host the ASEAN Summit along with neighboring Mandaue City and Lapu-Lapu City.
[sửa] Địa lý
Thành phố Cebu có diện tích 291,2 km². Trong đó, 55.9 km² là nội thành đô thị, còn 235,2 km² là ngoại thành nông thôn. Tọa độ địa lý là: 10°17′0″N, 123°54′0″E. Phía Đông-Bắc giáp Thành phố Mandaue và thị xã Consolacion, phía Tây giáp thành phố Toledo, các thị xã Balamban, và Asturias, phía Nam giáp thành phố Talisay và thị xã Minglanilla. Qua eo biển Mactan về phía Đông là đảo Mactan nới có thành phố Lapu-Lapu.
Thành phố được chia ra 80 phường barangay. These are grouped into two congressional districts, with 46 barangays in the northern district and 34 barangays in the southern district.
[sửa] Văn hóa
The city is an important cultural center in the Philippines. The city's most famous landmark is Magellan's Cross. This cross, now housed in a chapel, was supposedly planted by Ferdinand Magellan when he arrived in the Philippine Islands in 1521. It was encased in hollow tindalo wood in 1835 upon the order of the Augustinian Bishop Santos Gomez Marañon to prevent devotees from taking it home chip by chip. The same bishop restored the present template, or kiosk, located at the present Magellan street between City Hall and Colegio del Santo Niño. Revered by the Cebuanos, the Cross of Magellan is a symbol of the beginning of Christianity in the Philippines.
A few walks away from the Magellan's Cross is the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, an Augustinian church which was elevated to the rank of minor basilica in 1965 during the 400th year celebrations of the Christianization of the Philippines held in Cebu. The church, which was the first to be established in the islands, is built of hewn stone and features the country's oldest relic, the image of the Santo Niño de Cebu.
[sửa] Sinulog
Cebu City is also host to the popular Sinulog festival, held every third Sunday of January in honor of Santo Niño, the "Holy Child". The Sinulog is a dance ritual of pre-Spanish origin. The dancer moves two steps forward and one step backward to the rhythmic sound of drums. This movement resembles somewhat the current (sulog) of the river. Thus, the Cebuanos called it sinulog. The dance was meant to honor the anitos.
When the Spaniards arrived in Cebu, Magellan offered, as a baptismal gift, to Hara Amihan, wife of Rajah Humabon and later named Juana, the image of the Santo Niño. With Magellan gone, the natives likewise honored the Santo Niño with their sinulog. Because the Augustinian missionaries appreciated native culture, the sinulog was preserved but limited to honoring the Santo Niño. Once the Santo Niño church was built, the faithful started performing the sinulog in front of the church, the devotees offering candles and the dancers shouting "Pit Señor!"
During the annual feast of the Santo Niño, the basilica turns into a dancing hall after the solemn mass, with all the devotees executing the sinulog. The dance continues during the procession in front of the carroza which bears the statue along the streets of Cebu up to late evening.
In 1980, the city authorities of Cebu made the Sinulog part and parcel of the religious feast of the Santo Niños. A mardi-gras atmosphere was added, the innovation becoming more colorful each year. The religious and the earthy sometimes overlap each other but, as a whole, there is much fun for Cebuanos and tourists alike who find in the Santo Niño festival that part of every one's childhood that must stay like Santa Claus and halloween.
[sửa] Nghệ thuật và giải trí
Cebu City is renowned for giving birth to some of Asia's greatest entertainers like Pilita Corrales, Manilyn Reynes, Vina Morales and Lou Dayoc (an active local showbiz promoter and host). Most recently the city gained worldwide attention through ABS-CBN's facilities when one of its residents, 16-year old Kim Chiu,won the grand prize of the Philippines version of Endemol's Big Brother (Pinoy Big Brother.Keanna Reeves was also another winner in that show who is also from Cebu. Not to be outdone however is Raki Vega who won another ABS-CBN contest and is now an endorser of Cebuano products. The city also has its own orchestra, the Peace Philharmonic Orchestra, which was founded by international pianist Ingrid Sala Santamaria.
Also, the late reporter of GMA Network, Dan Campilan was born here. He was raised in Barangay Mabolo, Cebu City.
Most recently Emmilie Cuizon, a resident of Cebu City, has been recruited as the newest member of the SexBomb Girls, the largest and most famous girl band of the Philippines. Cebu City is also rich with talented bands and most notable of them all is Dice and K9 Mobstarr, a hip-hop band responsible for the now famous commercial song of Orange Brutus.
The city itself is also home to broadcasted variety shows Sabado na Gyud (ABS-CBN) and Oi (GMA Network), which continue to attract millions of televiewers across the entire Visayas and Mindanao.
There are currently three major local channels (Cebu-based) that features shows and documentaries relevant to the city and the province as well. They are Real Cebu TeleVision RCTV Channel 36 and Cebu Channel 28.
[sửa] Thể thao
The city is widely considered as the mecca of sports in the entire Visayas. Placed in charge of the development of resident athletes is the Cebu City Sports Commission which was founded in 2001. The CCSC designates a special team for every sport, each one being called "Team Cebu City". The Philippine Sports Commission has its regional office located at the Abellana National High School/Cebu City Sports Center. Notable athletes from Cebu City include Richard Bitoon, Bowen Montecillo, Tito Sotto, and Loriz Echavez.
