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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

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Gê-chiu-pēⁿ-ha̍k

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Gê-chiu-pēⁿ-ha̍k (Hàn-jī: 牙周病學, Eng-gí: Periodontology) sī gê-kho kho-ha̍k ê 1 mn̂g ha̍k-būn. Periodontics sī èng-iōng tùi gê-chiu pēⁿ-lí ê chai-bat lâi tī-liâu gê-chiu ê pēⁿ.

[siu-kái] Gê-chiu-cho·-chit

Gê-chiu-cho·-chit

Gê-chiu-cho·-chit (Hàn-jī: 牙周組織, Eng-gí: periodontium) sī teh kóng kò·-tēng kap chi-chhî chhùi-khí ê kong-lêng hē-thóng, pau-khoat (1) gê-kut-chit (牙骨質, cementum), (2) gê-chiu-lūn-tòa (牙周韌帶, periododal ligment), (3) gê-chô-kut (齒槽骨, alveolar bone), kap (4) gê-khí-hoāⁿ (khí-hoāⁿ 牙齦, gingiva) 4-ê cho·-chit.

Kiān-khong ê khí-hoāⁿ sī hún-âng-sek--ê, o·-sek jîn-chióng (Blacks) tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū o·-sek ê sek-sò· tī khí-hoāⁿ piáu-bīn, pe̍h-sek jîn-chióng (Caucasians) kap n̂g-sek jîn-chióng (Orientals) khah-chió khoàⁿ--tio̍h. Gê-chô-kut sī kiat-si̍t bē sóa-tāng--ê, i-ê piáu-bīn kak-chit-hòa (角質化, keratinized), ū-sî-chūn koh-ē chhut-hiān 1-koá-á chiâⁿ-sè chiâⁿ-sè ê khang-chhùi, khoàⁿ-tio̍h chhan-chhiuⁿ ná kam-á-phôe (orange peel-like) án-ne, che kiò-chò "stippling".

[siu-kái] Gê-chiu-pēⁿ

Gê-chiu-pēⁿ (Hàn-jī: 牙周病, Eng-gí: Periodontal diseases) sī teh kóng khí-hoāⁿ kap gê-chiu-cho·-chit hoat-iām chham úi-sok soà--lo̍h-lâi ín-khí ê pēⁿ-thiàⁿ. Gê-gîn-iām kap gê-chiu-iām ē-tit kóng sī gê-khún-pan ín-khí ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. Tī chiâⁿ-chió àn-lē, choân-sin-sèng chi̍t-pēⁿ ē kā gê-chiu-pēⁿ piàn giâm-tiōng he̍k-sī chō-sêng éng-hióng.

Gê-gîn-iām: Gê-gîn-iām (Hàn-jī:牙齦炎 , Eng-gí: Gingivitis) sī kah lán lâng hun-bē-khui--ê, ē-sái-kóng ta̍k-ê lâng long-ū. Kiān-khong ê gê-gîn kap gê-gîn-iām chiâⁿ pháiⁿ hun-pia̍t. Lîm-chhn̂g-siōng, gōa-piáu khoàⁿ--khí-lâi kiān-khong ê gê-gîn tī chou-chit-ha̍k-siōng long chûn-chāi sió-khoá--á ê hoat-iām hiān-siōng. Lîm-chhn̂g-siōng kap chou-chit-ha̍k-siōng ê hoat-iām nā chēng-ka, chiap-ha̍p-siōng-phôe (Hàn-jī: 接合上皮, Eng-gí: Junctional epithelium) ê koan-toan-pō· (Hàn-jī: 冠端部, Eng-gí: coronal portion) ê ki-té-sè-pau (Hàn-jī: 基底細胞, Eng-gí: Basal cell) toh hiòng-gōa cheng-seng. Chiap-ha̍p-sing-phôe piàn-sêng kah chhùi-khí hun-khui, an-ne sú-tit sè-khún ē-tàng tī chhùi-khí kap siōng-phôe chi-kan ǹg gê-kin hong-hiòng sóa-tāng, hêng-sêng 1-e gê-gîn-tē-á (Hàn-jī: 牙齦囊袋, Eng-gí: Gingival pocket).

Gê-gîn-iām nā piàn giâm-tiōng, ē sú-tit gê-gîn chou-chit hoat-seng tòa-chúi (Hàn-jī: 水腫, Eng-gí: edema) kap ké-gê-chiu-tē-á (Hàn-jī: 假牙周囊袋, Eng-gî: Pseudopocket).

Gê-gîn-tē-á kap ké-gê-chiu-tē-á kin-kù tēng-gī m̄-sī chin- ê ê gê-chiu-tē-á, in-ūi chiap-ha̍p-siōng-phôe bô ǹg khí-kin hong-hiòng thoàⁿ-seng, iā-bô sòng-sit kiat-tè-chou-chit hù-liân (Hàn-jī: 結締組織附連, Eng-gí: Connective tissue attachment). Gê-gîn-iām kiám-chái piàn-seng gê-chiu-im. Nā-bô tī-liâu, gê-gîn-iām bô-tek-khak mā-ē ûi-chhî kúi-á tang, kan-taⁿ hoat-im thêng-tou ē-ū piàn-hòa. Nā-ū tī-liâu, gê-gîn-iām ē oân-choân hó--khí.

Gê-chiu-iām(Hàn-jī: 牙周炎, Eng-gí: Periodontitis): Gê-chiu-iām hiān-chú-sî iah-sī jîn-lūi chiâⁿ phó·-phiàn ê chi̍t-pēⁿ. Chiù-khí ê hoat-pēⁿ-lu̍t tng-te̍h khoài-sok kàng-kē, iû-kî sī pak-poàⁿ-kiû, gê-chiu-iām ê sî-kiâⁿ thêng-tō· kan-tāⁿ ū sió-khoá kàng-kē. Gê-chiu-iām sī chùi-khí ê chi-chhî chho·-chit ê chi̍t-pēⁿ, sī gê-khún-pan lúi-chip só· ín-khí. I tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī ùi gê-gîn-iām hoat-tián lâi--ê; m̄-koh m̄-sī ta̍k-ê gê-gîn-iām lóng-ē hoat-tián sêng gê-chiu-iām. Bî-seng-bu̍t (pēⁿ-gôan) ê sò·-lio̍ng kap to̍k-sèng í-ki̍p sok-chú ê té-khòng-la̍t piàn-sò· (bián-ek chōng-thāi) sī gê-chiu-cho·-chit phò-hāi ê chōng-thāi kap chìn-tián ê chú-iàu koat-tēng in-sò·.

Static Wikipedia 2008 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

Static Wikipedia 2007 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

Static Wikipedia 2006 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu