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173d Airborne Brigade (United States) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

173d Airborne Brigade (United States)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

173rd Airborne Brigade

Shoulder Sleeve Insignia of the 173rd Airborne Bde
Active 1917-08-05 - January 1919
1921-06-24 - 1945-09-24
1947-05-12 - 1951-12-01
1963-03-12 - 1972-01-14
2000-10-16 - Present.
Country USA
Allegiance Regular Army
Branch Infantry
Type Airborne
Role USAREUR quick response force
Garrison/HQ Vicenza, Italy
Nickname Sky Soldiers
Battles/wars Operation Hump
Operation Iraqi Freedom I
Operation Enduring Freedom VI
Commanders
Current
commander
COL Charles Preysler

The 173d Airborne Brigade of the United States Army is based in Vicenza, Italy. It is European Command's conventional airborne strategic response force for the European Theater.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] First World War

The 173d Infantry Brigade was constituted on 1917-08-05 as an infantry brigade and organized on 1917-08-25 at Camp Pike, Arkansas, as an element of the U.S. 87th Infantry Division. The brigade deployed to France in 1918 as part of the Division, but it did not participate in any named campaigns. Indeed, the brigade - like the rest of the 87th Division - was tasked to perform labor details that were to be performed by Combat Service and Combat Service Support units in World War II. After its return to the United States, the brigade was demobilized in January 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.

[edit] Interwar period

On 1921-06-24 the unit was reconstituted as Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 173d Infantry Brigade, and was assigned to the Organized Reserve Corps and the 87th Division at Shreveport, Louisiana. It was reorganized in December 1921 at Mobile, Alabama, redesignated 1925-03-23 as HHC 173d Brigade, and redesignated 1936-08-24 as HHC 173d Infantry Brigade.

[edit] Second World War

During World War II, brigades were eliminated from divisions. Consequently, HHC 173d Infantry Brigade was designated as the 87th Reconnaissance Troop in February 1942 and activated 1942-12-15. It entered combat in 1944 and fought in three European campaigns (Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe). The manuver battalions of the Vietnam era 173d trace their lineage to the 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment which successfully assaulted the fortress island of Corrigador in the Philippines by parachute and waterborne operations earning the nickname "The Rock". After the war, the troop reverted back to reserve status and was posted from 1947 through to 1951 at Birmingham, Alabama. On 1951-12-01 at Birmingham, Alabama, the 173d was inactivated and released from its assignment to the 87th Infantry Division.

[edit] Vietnam War

1967, Vietnam
1967, Vietnam

On 1963-03-26, the 173d Airborne Brigade (Sep) was allotted to the Regular Army and activated on Okinawa. Brigadier General Ellis W. Williamson took command of the unit, which was chartered to serve as the quick reaction force for the Pacific Command. Under Williamson the unit trained extensively, making mass parachute jumps. They earned the nickname Tien Bien, or Sky Soldiers, from the Nationalist Chinese paratroopers.

Deployed to Vietnam in May 1965, the brigade was the first major ground combat unit of the United States Army to serve there. The brigade was the first to go into War Zone D to destroy enemy base camps and introduced the use of small long range reconnaissance patrols. On 8 November, 1965, the 173rd took part in Operation Hump. They were ambushed by approximately 1,200 Viet Cong, resulting in the deaths of 48 men of the 173rd. Its Operation Junction City, which took place on 1967-02-22, was the only combat parachute jump of the Vietnam conflict.

The unit fought in the Iron Triangle and blocked North Vietnamese Army incursions at Dak To during some of the bloodiest fighting of the war in the summer and fall of 1967, which culminated in the capture of Hill 875. Elements of the brigade conducted an amphibious assault against NVA and VC forces as part of an operation to clear the rice-growing lowlands along the Bong Song littoral.

The 1st and 2d Battalions, 503d Infantry were the first Army combat units from the 173d sent to the Republic of South Vietnam, accompanied by the 3d Battalion, 319th Artillery. They were supported by the 173d Support Battalion, 173d Engineers, Troop E, 17th Cavalry and Co D, 16th Armor. The 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and the 161st Field Battery of the Royal New Zealand Artillery were later attached to the brigade during the first year. Late in August 1966, the 173d received another infantry battalion, the 4/503d from Fort Campbell, Kentucky. The 3/503d joined the brigade at Tuy Hoa in September 1967 following the former's reactivation and training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The 173d was also assigned Co N, 75th Infantry (Ranger). At its peak in Vietnam, the 173d Airborne Brigade (Sep) comprised nearly 3,000 soldiers. An interesting first hand account from the point of view of a Private in the 173rd Airborne at the time was written by John Lepplemann and called 'Blood on the Risers'.

During more than six years of continuous combat, the brigade earned 14 campaign streamers and four unit citations. Sky Soldiers serving in Vietnam received 13 Medals of Honor, 32 Distinguished Service Crosses, 1736 Silver Stars and over 6,000 Purple Hearts. There are over 1,790 Sky Soldiers' names on the wall at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. The brigade was deactivated on 14 January 1972 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.

[edit] Recent history

The 173rd Airborne Brigade was reactivated on 2000-06-12 at Caserma Ederle in Vicenza, Italy, where it now serves. On 2003-03-26, 954 soldiers of the 173d Airborne Brigade,commanded by COL William C. Mayville, conducted a combat jump into Northern Iraq onto Bashur Airfield as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Comprised of the 2d Battalion (Airborne), 503d Infantry; 1st Battalion (Airborne), 508th Infantry; 173d Combat Support Company (Airborne); 74th Long Range Surveillance Detachment (Airborne); Delta Battery, 319th Airbone Field Artillery Regiment (now 4th BN, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment), and 501st Forward Support Company (Airborne) (now the 173d Support Battalion (Airborne)); the brigade served mainly in Kirkuk until 2004-02-21.

The 173rd Airborne Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in March 2005 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom under the command of COL Kevin Owens. TF Bayonet, as it was called, assumed control of Regional Command-South (RC South), comprising Zabol, Kandahar, Helmand, and Nimruz Provinces. The 2-503rd Infantry Battalion (Airborne) known as the Rock conducted combat operations in Zabol Province under the command of LTC Mark Stammer. The 1-508th Infantry Battalion (Airborne) known as TF Fury provided humanitarian assistance in eastern Afghanistan while under the command of LTC Timothy McGuire. The 173rd Support Battalion (under the command of LTC Cynthia Fox) and 173rd CSC provided logistical support from Kandahar, while sending individual Soldiers to assist at other FOB's. The Brigade returned to Italy in March 2006.

The 173rd Airborne Brigade has recently transitioned into a "Unit of Action." While the majority of the Brigade remains in Vicenza, Italy, other units will stand up in Bamberg and Schweinfurt, Germany until additional facilities are constructed in the Vicenza area; The 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry was reflagged as 1st Battalion, 503rd Airborne Infantry to resume the Vietnam-era lineage of the 503rd Infantry battalions under the 173rd Airborne Brigade. The 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry colors were moved to Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. Additionally the Brigade has taken on its new name which has changed from the 173rd Airborne Brigade to the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. This is a significant new role as the "Combat Team" signifies the ability for the Brigade to deploy its forces and sustain itself with its newly integrated support teams. By integration of these support MOS's the unit will now be able to maintain its fighting forces with everything needed to keep the Soldiers on the ground supplied and moving.

[edit] General information

[edit] Command group

[edit] Subordinate units

  • Headquarters and Headquarter Company
  • 1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment (Airborne)
    • A (ATTACK) /B (LEGION)/C/D/E Companies and Headquarters and Headquarter Company (HHC)
  • 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment (Airborne)
    • Able / Battle / Chosen / Destin / Fusion /HHC Black Sheep
  • 1st Squadron, 91st Cavalry Regiment
  • 4th Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment
  • 173rd Special Troops Battalion (Airborne)
  • 173rd Support Battalion (Airborne)
    • A/B/C Companies, HHC and Rear Detachement

[edit] Lineage

  • Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as Headquarters, 173d Infantry Brigade, and assigned to the 87th Division.
  • Organized 25 August 1917 at Camp Pike, Arkansas
  • Demobilized in January 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey
  • Reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 173d Infantry Brigade, and assigned to the 87th Division
  • Organized in December 1921 at Mobile, Alabama
  • Redesignated 23 March 1925 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 173d Brigade
  • Redesignated 24 August 1936 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 173d Infantry Brigade
  • Converted and redesignated 13 February 1942 as the 87th Reconnaissance Troop (less 3d Platoon), 87th Division (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 174th Infantry Brigade, concurrently converted and redesignated as the 3d Platoon, 87th Reconnaissance Troop, 87th Division)
  • Troop ordered into active military service 15 December 1942 and reorganized at Camp McCain, Mississippi; concurrently redesignated as the 87th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop, an element of the 87th Infantry Division
  • Reorganized and redesignated 2 August 1943 as the 87th Reconnaissance Troop, Mechanized
  • Redesignated 28 April 1947 as the 87th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop
  • (Organized Reserves redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps; redesignated 9 July 1952 as the Army Reserve)
  • Reorganized and redesignated 18 May 1949 as the 87th Reconnaissance Company
  • Deactivated 1 December 1951 at Birmingham, Alabama
  • Converted and redesignated (less 3d Platoon) 26 March 1963 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 173d Airborne Brigade, and relieved from assignment to the 87th Infantry Division; concurrently withdrawn from the Army Reserve, allotted to the Regular Army, and activated on Okinawa (3d Platoon, 87th Reconnaissance Company - hereafter separate lineage)
  • Deactivated 14 January 1972 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky
  • Activated 16 October 2000 in Italy

[edit] Honors

[edit] Campaign Participation Credit

  • World War I: Streamer without inscription
  • World War II:
  1. Rhineland;
  2. Ardennes-Alsace;
  3. Central Europe
  • Vietnam:
  1. Defense;
  2. Counteroffensive, Phase I;
  3. Counteroffensive, Phase II;
  4. Counteroffensive, Phase III;
  5. Tet Counteroffensive;
  6. Counteroffensive, Phase IV;
  7. Counteroffensive, Phase V;
  8. Counteroffensive, Phase VI;
  9. Tet 69/Counteroffensive;
  10. Summer-Fall 1969;
  11. Winter-Spring 1970;
  12. Sanctuary Counteroffensive;
  13. Counteroffensive, Phase VII;
  14. Consolidation I

[edit] Decorations

  1. Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for DAK TO
  2. Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1965-1967
  3. Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1965-1970
  4. Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class for VIETNAM 1969-1971

[edit] In popular culture

  • In 2006, the country music duo Big & Rich released a single entitled 8th of November. The song was based on the story of Niles Harris, a member of the 173rd, whom the two had met and related his experiences during Operation Hump. On July 1 2006, a documentary inspired by the song and based on the brigade's battle during the operation premiered on the GAC Channel.[1]
  • The character of "Captain Willard" portrayed by Martin Sheen in the film Apocalypse Now was a soldier in the 173d assigned to MACV-SOG. He is supposedly in the "505th battalion," though no such unit was ever part of the 173d. Throughout the movie, he wears the Vietnam era mustard yellow "subdued" SSI worn by 173d paratroopers on their BDUs.

[edit] External links

In other languages

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