.gov
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Introduced | 1985 |
|---|---|
| TLD type | Generic top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | General Services Administration, operated by ZoneEdit |
| Sponsoring organization | None |
| Intended use | Governmental entities |
| Actual use | United States of America government; formerly federal-only but later expanded to include state and local entities |
| Registration restrictions | Must meet eligibility requirements and submit authorization letter |
| Structure | Registrations at second level permitted |
| Documents | RFC 920; RFC 1591; RFC 2146 |
| Dispute policies | None |
| Web site | Dotgov.gov |
.gov a generic top-level domain used by government entities in the United States. The .gov domain is administered by the General Services Administration (GSA), an independent agency of the federal government. The URL for registration services is http://www.dotgov.gov [1]
The U.S. is the only country that has a government-specific top-level domain in addition to its ccTLD, due to the origins of the Internet as a US Federal Government-sponsored research network (see NSFNET and ARPANET). Other countries typically use a second-level domain for this purpose, e.g., .gov.au for Australia, .govt.nz for New Zealand, (NZ), .gov.uk for the United Kingdom, .gc.ca for Canada, .gouv.fr for France and .guv.ro[1] for Romania. Since the United States controls the .gov Top Level Domain, it would be impossible for another country to create a domain ending in .gov, for example .jp.gov.
Some U.S. federal agencies use .fed.us rather than .gov. The Department of Defense and its subsidiary organizations use .mil. Some U.S. governmental entities use other domains, such as the use of .com domains by the United States Postal Service (usps.com) and the United States Army's recruitment website (goarmy.com, this trend is repeated at the recruitment websites of the other branches of the U.S. Military). Internet purists consider these usages to be improper, as these are governmental or military entities rather than commercial ones.
All governments in the U.S. are allowed to use .gov, such as atlantaga.gov for the city of Atlanta, and georgia.gov for the U.S. state of Georgia. This was not always true; under an earlier policy, only federal agencies were allowed to use the domain, and agencies beneath cabinet level were required to use subdomains of their parent agency. There is a lack of consistency in addresses of state and local government sites, with some using .gov, some .us, and still others in .com, .org or another TLD.
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[edit] Availability
Use of the .gov domain is restricted to government entities. According to GSA guidelines, this includes U.S. Governmental departments, programs, and agencies on the federal level; Federally recognized Indian Tribes (referred to by the GSA as Native Sovereign Nations, which must use the suffix -NSN.gov); State governmental entities and programs; cities and townships represented by an elected body of officials; counties and parishes represented by an elected body of officials; and U.S. territories. [2]
[edit] Authorization
To register a .gov domain, a letter of authorization must be submitted to the GSA. For federal agencies, the authorization must be submitted by cabinet-level chief information officer (CIO). For state governments, authorization from the governor or state CIO is required. Domain names for cities require authorization from the mayor or equivalent official; for counties, authorization may be submitted by county commissioners or their equivalent officials, or by the highest-ranking county official. [3] For Native Sovereign Nations, the authorization must come from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. [4]
[edit] Naming conventions
The GSA provides guidelines on naming conventions for second-level domains, such as those used by state and local governments. For states, the domain name must include the full state name or postal abbreviation, and the abbreviation must not be obscured by inclusion in a larger word (for example, win.gov for Indiana would be an unacceptable domain name.) [5]
[edit] Policy
Policy regarding the .gov domain is laid out in 41 CFR Part 102-173, a Final Rule promulgated by the GSA in the Federal Register on March 28, 2003. [2]
[edit] Notes
- ^ .gov - Top-Level Domain. IANA.
- ^ Eligibility Requirements. General Services Administration.
- ^ Authorization Letter. General Services Administration.
- ^ Who authorizes domain names?. General Services Administration.
- ^ Sec. 102-173.50 What is the naming convention for States?. General Services Administration.
[edit] External links
- IANA .gov whois information
- RFC 920 defined .com and the other original top-level domains.
- RFC 2146 (U.S. Government Internet Domain Names)
| Generic top-level domains | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unsponsored | .biz .com .edu .gov .info .int .mil .name .net .org | |
| Sponsored | .aero .cat .coop .jobs .mobi .museum .pro .travel | |
| Infrastructure | .arpa .root | |
| Startup phase | .asia .tel | |
| Proposed | .berlin .bzh .cym .gal .geo .kid .kids .mail .nyc .post .sco .web .xxx | |
| Deleted/retired | .nato | |
| Reserved | .example .invalid .localhost .test | |
| Pseudo-domains | .bitnet .csnet .local .onion .uucp | |
| Unofficial | see Alternative DNS roots | |
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See also: Country code top-level domains |
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