Afanasy Grigoriev
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| Afanasy Grigorievich Grigoriev | |
 Afanasy Grigoriev, portrait c. 1800 |
|
| Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Name | Afanasy Grigorievich Grigoriev |
| Nationality | Russia |
| Birth date | January 21, 1782 |
| Birth place | Vasilievskaya, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Date of death | May 13, 1868 |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| Work | |
| Practice Name | Giliardi Family and independent own practice |
| Significant Buildings | Khrushyov House (now Alexander Pushkin museum) |
| Significant Projects | Ershovo Estate (near Zvenigorod) |
Afanasy Grigorievich Grigoriev (Russian: Афанасий Григорьевич Григорьев) (January 21, 1782 - May 13, 1868) was a Russian Neoclassical architect, who worked in Moscow and its suburbs. Grigoriev is remembered for his refined Empire style mansions, completion of Great Ascension Church (which, unfinished, housed the wedding of Alexander Pushkin in 1831) and assistance to Domenico Giliardi in rebuilding Moscow after the Great Fire of 1812.
[edit] Biography
Grigoriev was born a serf, owned by the Kretov family, and acquired freedom at the age of 22. By this time, he was a long-time apprentice to Moscow-based Giliardi family of Swiss architects. Giovanni Giliardi was the chief architect of continuously expanding Moscow Orphanage, Widow's House (public almshouse) and Catherine's Institute; his son, Domenico Giliardi, inherited the family practice and managed rebuilding of these and other public structures after the devastating Fire of 1812.
Grigoriev, like Domenico, studied architecture and crafts in Francesco Camporesi workshop in Moscow Kremlin. In 1808-1847, Grigoriev was formally employed by the Widow's House, first as assistance to Giliardis, then as the chief architect of this institution. Grigoriev worked for (or with) Giliardis on all of their Moscow projects, growing from an apprentice to lead architect. He and Domenico Giliardi usually receive equal credit on their joint 1820s buildings, including Sukhanovo and Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki. Grigoriev's own, undisputed, work can be found in Prechistenka Street, where he built two extant, adjacent upper-class houses.
The first, a city estate of Alexander Khrushyov, is noted for a complex plan that integrates two different facades - a stern Ionic order facing Preschistenka and an ornate, joyful facade with double Ionic columns and a raised terrace overlooking Khruschyovsky Lane. The building houses Alexander Pushkin museum since 1957. [1][2]
The second, a symmetrical Lopukhin (later Stanitsky) House, also employing Ionic order, houses Leo Tolstoy museum. Both buildings retained all original exterior and some of interior artwork, and are rated as finest examples of Moscow Empire style.
His most important project out of Moscow is the Ershovo estate near Zvenigorod. The Trinity Cathedral (1826-1828), destroyed in War World II, was rebuilt in 1990s (photo photo).
Grigoriev died in Moscow and was buried at extant Kalitniki Cemetery. Church of this cemetery, sometimes credited to Grigoriev by mistake, was actually built by N.I. Kozlovsky[3]
[edit] Buildings
Assistant to Giovanni Giliardi:
- 1800s-1812: Widows' House improvements, Kudrinskaya Square
- 1800s: The Orphanage improvements, Moskvoretskaya Embankment
- 1804-1812: Catherine's Institute, Kommuny Square
Assistant or partner to Domenico Giliardi:
- 1813-1817: Catherine's Institute (completion)
- 1817-1819: Moscow State University reconstruction
- 1823-1826: Board of Trustees (Опекунский Совет), Solyanka Street
- 1829-1831: Usachev House
- 1820s: Sukhanovo palace improvements (with Joseph Bove, Adam Menelaws and other architects)
Own, undisputed design:
- 1814-18??: Khruschyov House (later Seleznyov House), Prechistenka Street,(sculpture by Ivan Vitali)
- 1817-1822: Lopukhin House (later Stanitsky House), Prechistenka Street
- 1824-1826: Trinity Church in Veshnyaki (www.pravoslavie.ru)
- 1826-1828: Trinity Church, Ershovo near Zvenigorod, destroyed 1941, rebuilt 1990s
- 1837: Ershovo Palace
- 1842-1843: Own house, Milyutindsky Lane, 8
Other work:
- 1819-1821: Dokuchaev House, Myasnitskaya Street
- 1820s: Razumovsky House, Gorokhovaya Street (reconstruction of a building designed by Adam Menelaws)
- 1845: Great Ascencion Church, Nikitskie Gates, Moscow - completion of an earlier work by Joseph Bove and other architects [4]
 Khrushyov mansion, side portal |
 Lopukhin mansion, now Leo Tolstoy museum |
 Lopukhin mansion, facade |
 Great Ascension Church, by Joseph Bove, completion by Grigoriev |
[edit] References
- ^ Александров, Юрий, "Среди дворянских гнезд", "Наше наследие" [1]
- ^ Official site: www.pushkinmuseum.ru
- ^ Russian: "Храмы во имя иконы божией матери "Всех скорбящих радости", www.pravoslavie.ru
- ^ Russian: "Москва и Подмосковье", М, "Искусство", 1979, p.499
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Grigoriev, Afanasy Grigorievich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Григорьев, Афанасий Григорьевич (Russian) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Russian Neoclassical architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 21, 1782 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vasilievskaya, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 13, 1868 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Moscow, Russia |
