Africanus Horton

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Africanus Horton (1835-1883), also known as James Beale, was a writer and folklorist from Sierra Leone.

Africanus Horton was a surgeon, scientist, soldier, and a political thinker who worked toward African independence a century before it occurred.

Born as James Beale Horton, the son of an Ibo recaptive he was educated at the CMS Grammar School and at the Fourah Bay Institution (later Fourah Bay College). In 1853, he received a War Office scholarship to study medicine in Great Britain. He studied at King's College London and Edinburgh University, qualifying as a medical doctor in 1859. While a student, he took the name "Africanus" as an emblem of pride in his African homeland

In his varied career, he served as a physician, an officer in the British Army, a banker, and a mining entrepreneur. In addition, he wrote a number of books and essays, the most widely remembered of which is his 1868 Vindication of the African Race, an answer to the white racist authors emerging in Europe. His writings look ahead to African self-government, anticipating many events of the 1950s and 1960s, and Horton is often seen as one of the founders of African nationalism.

References Oxford Biography Index Number 101061022

Fyfe, Christopher. 'Africanus Horton Centenary'African Affairs, London: (1983); 82: 565

Africanus Horton: The Dawn of Nationalism in Modern Africa. Extracts from the Political, Educational and Scientific Writings of J.A.B. Horton M.D., 1835-1883 by Davidson Nicol. London: Longman Inc, 1969