Anthony James Barr

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Anthony James Barr, aka Tony Barr or Jim Barr, born 1940, is a software engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur. Among his notable contributions are the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), automated lumber yield optimization, and the Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME).

Contents 1 Contributions 1.1 Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 1.2 Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME) 1.3 Automated Lumber Yield Optimization 1.4 Linking Loader for the IBM/360 1.5 IBM Workstation Simulators 1.6 Formatted File System (FFS) 2 Patents, Publications, and Education 2.1 Patents 2.2 Publications 2.3 Education 3 See Also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External Links

[edit] Contributions

[edit] Statistical Analysis System (SAS)

Widely used internationally in science, government, industry, and academia, the SAS System was conceived by Barr in 1966.^[1] In September 1966, in Athens, Georgia, he presented the conceptual ideas of SAS to members of the Committee on Statistical Software of the University Statisticians of the Southern Experiment Stations (USSES).^[2]

Barr had earlier created an analysis of variance modeling language inspired by the notation of statistician Maurice Kendall. He developed it in assembly language on the IBM 1410 as a graduate student at North Carolina State University from 1962 to 1963. Dr. A. Grandage, author of IBM 650 analysis of variance programs, advised on some of the statistical computations.^[3] This was followed by a multiple regression program with a flexible input format and with algebraic transformation of variables, in 1963 to 1964. Drawing on those programs, along with his experience with structured data files, he created SAS, placing statistical procedures into a formatted file framework.^[4]

Barr's experience with structured data files was gained while working on the Formatted File System, (see below). From 1966 to 1968, Barr developed the fundamental structure and language of SAS.^[5]

In 1968, Barr began collaboration with others. Barr designed and implemented the programming language, data management, report writing, and systems areas of the evolving system.^[6] In 1976, SAS Institute, Inc. was incorporated by Anthony J. Barr, James H. Goodnight, John P. Sall, and Jane T. Helwig, with Barr holding the largest share (40%). He sold his shares in 1979.^[7]

[edit] Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME)

Barr created the ACME program for the National Center for Health Statistics from 1967 to 1969. ACME is a computer program that assigns one underlying cause of death based on multiple causes of death listed on the death certificate.^[8]

ACME in conjunction with other components comprise the Mortality Medical Data System (MMDS). This system is used to uniformly determine underlying cause of death for all death certificates in the United States. ACME has become the de facto international standard for the automated selection of the underlying cause of death.^[9] It and the other components of MMDS, or variations of them are used in many nations around the world. The system provides essential data used in calculating mortality statistics.

[edit] Automated Lumber Yield Optimization

In 1971 and 1972, Barr, along with partner Sandy Mullin designed, patented, and built the first computerized equipment to optimize the usage of lumber in the furniture industry. The device read marked flaws on a board, calculated the cross and rip cuts required for optimal board usage, and marked the cut lines on the board.^[10]

In 1973, Barr-Mullin, Inc. was incorporated, and its lumber yield optimization technology remains widely used in the American wood industry.^[11][12]

[edit] Linking Loader for the IBM/360

In 1968, Barr created the first non-IBM linking loader for the IBM/360. Named LDR, the loader was sponsored by American Data Processing Inc. of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Barr Loader cut typical program testing times by twenty-five percent.^[13][14]

IBM did not offer the equivalent Loader for over eighteen months after the Barr Loader was commercially available.^[15]

[edit] IBM Workstation Simulators

In 1971, Barr created the first non-IBM HASP terminal emulator. Marketed by the University Computing Company (UCC), the HASP emulator gave a significant performance increase over the IBM 2780 emulator he had developed for UCC in 1969. The emulators were developed on the PDP-8 minicomputer and allowed COPE terminals to communicate with the IBM/360 and IBM/370.^[16]

In 1971, Barr also implemented the HASP workstation for M & M Computer Industries, Orange, California. Implemented on the Data General Nova minicomputer, the program became the Singer Corporation Remote Batch Terminal. Both Singer and UCC sold their terminal divisions to Harris Corporation, which continued to market the products.^[17]

In 1983, Barr developed hardware and software for performing HASP remote job entry communication on the IBM PC. His company, Barr Systems, Inc., marketed and sold Barr HASP^[18], and went on to implement and support Bisync and SNA SDLC workstations and gateways, along with other high-performance data communications and output management products.^[19]

[edit] Formatted File System (FFS)

Barr was employed with IBM Federal Systems Division at the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. from 1964 to 1966.^[20] There he worked on the NIPS Formatted File System. FFS, a generalized data base management system for retrieval and report writing, was one of the first data management systems to take advantage of defined file structure for data storage and retrieval efficiency.^[21]

Assigned to work with the National Military Command Center, the information processing branch of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Barr rewrote and enhanced FFS, implementing three of its five major components: retrieval, sorting, and file update. His work featured the innovation of a uniform lexical analyzer for all languages in the system with a uniform method of handling all error messages.^[22]

Working with FFS introduced Barr to the potential of the defined file structure, which was to become a central concept of SAS (above).^[23]

[edit] Patents, Publications, and Education

[edit] Patents

• Barr, Anthony J. and Mullin, Alexander G., Apparatus and method for optimizing the yield of usable pieces from boards and the like. 3,931,501, 1-6-76, Cl. 235-151.100.

• Barr, Anthony J. and Mullin, Alexander G., Apparatus for optimizing the yield of usable pieces from boards and the like. 3,942,021, 3-2-76, Cl. 250-572.000.

• Barr, Anthony J. and Mullin, Alexander G., Apparatus and method for maximizing utilization of elongated stock. 4,017,976, 4-19-1977, Cl. 235-151.l.

[edit] Publications

• Manson, A. R.; A. J. Barr & J. H. Goodnight (1975), "Optimum Zero-Memory Strategy and Exact Probabilities for 4-Deck Blackjack", The American Statistician 29(2): 84-88

• Barr, A. J.; J. H. Goodnight & J. P. Sall et al. (1977), SAS Programmers' Guide, Raleigh, North Carolina: SAS Institute, Inc.

• Barr, A. J. (1977), "The Distribution and Maintenance of SAS", Computer Sciences and Statistics: Tenth Annual Symposium on the Interface, NBS Special publication 503: 215-220

• Barr, A. J.; J. H. Goodnight & J. P. Sall et al. (1976), A User's Guide to SAS 76, Raleigh, North Carolina: SAS Institute, Inc., ISBN 0917382013

• Barr, A. J. (1978), "Data Management in SAS and Interfaces to Other Systems", Proceedings of the Computer Science and Statistics: Eleventh Annual Symposium on the Interface, Institute of Statistics, North Carolina State University: 261-264

[edit] Education

• BS in Applied Physics (with honors), North Carolina State University, 1962.
• MS in Physics, North Carolina State University, 1968.
  • 1963 National Science Foundation Fellowship to study physical oceanography at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
  • 1963 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship at North Carolina State University.
  • 1995 Distinguished Alumnus, North Carolina State University, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.

[edit] See Also

• SAS System
• Mortality Medical Data System
• Formatted File System
• Terminal emulator
• Linking loader

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Greenberg & Cox, et al. 1978:181. Reference to the creation of SAS by Barr in 1966.
2. ^ Barr 2006b.
3. ^ Hamblen 1959. Grandage's statistical programs for the IBM 650.
4. ^ Barr 2006b.
5. ^ Barr 2006b.
6. ^ Barr & Goodnight, et al. 1976:"The SAS Staff". Attribution of contributions to SAS 72 and SAS 76.
7. ^ Barr 2006b.
8. ^ Barr 2006a.
9. ^ Johansson & Westerling 2002:302.
10. ^ Helmers 1972.
11. ^ Thomas & Buehlmann 2002.
12. ^ Cox 2003.
13. ^ Taylor 1968a.
14. ^ Taylor 1968b. Improvement of printout in addition to job times over IBM's linkage editor.
15. ^ Barr 2006a.
16. ^ Barr 2006a.
17. ^ Barr 2006a.
18. ^ Pompili 1987.
19. ^ Barr Systems, Inc. Company Website
20. ^ Greenberg & Cox, et al. 1978:181. Reference to Barr's employment at IBM Federal Systems Division.
21. ^ Fry 1976.
22. ^ Barr 2006b.
23. ^ Barr 2006b.

[edit] References

• Barr, Anthony J.; James H. Goodnight & John P. Sall et al. (1976), A User's Guide to SAS 76, Raleigh, North Carolina: SAS Institute, Inc., ISBN 0917382013
• Barr, Anthony J. (2006), Professional History
• Barr, Anthony J. (2006), SAS History
• Cox, Jonathon B. (November 5, 2003), "Saw Company Develops Technology to Make Efficient Use of Lumber", News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.)
• Fry, James P. & Edgar H. Sibley (1976), "Evolution of Data-Base Management Systems", Computing Surveys 8(1): 20-25
• Greenberg, Bernard G.; Gertrude M. Cox & David D. Mason et al. (1978), in Nourse, E. Shepley, "Statistical Training and Research: The University of North Carolina System", International Statistical Review 46: 171-207
• Hamblen, John W. (1959), "Statistical programs for the IBM 650—Part I", Communications of the ACM 2(8): 13-19
• Helmers, Raymond A. (1972), "Computerized Lumber Saver", FDM, Furniture Design & Manufacturing: 32-43
• Johansson, L. A. & R. Westerling (2002), "Comparing hospital discharge records with death certificates: Can the differences be explained?", Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 56: 301-308
• National Center for Health Statistics About the Mortality Medical Data System
• North Carolina State University, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Distinguished Alumni
• Pompili, Tony (October 13, 1987), "High-speed transmission links yield efficient and economical data transfer. (micro-minicomputer and -mainframe links; Section 2: Connectivity).", PC Week: C17-C18
• Taylor, Alan (March 27, 1968), "360 Link-Edit Times Halved For Compile-&-Go Operations At TUCC", Computerworld 2(13)
• Taylor, Alan (April 3, 1968), "It's Often Little Things That Count - Like Printouts! (Editorial)", Computerworld 2(14)
• Thomas, Edward R. & Urs Buehlmann (2001), "Validation of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator. (Solid Wood Products).(Statistical Data Included).", Forest Products Journal 52(2): 23-29
• Thomas, Edward R. & Urs Buehlmann (2003), "Performance review of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator.", Forest Products Journal 53(3): 80-85

[edit] External Links

• Barr-Mullin, Inc.
• Barr Systems, Inc.
• National Center for Health Statistics
• North Carolina State University
  • College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
  • Distinguished Alumnus
• SAS Institute