Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, that has been specially designated by the Countryside Agency, The Countryside Council for Wales or EHS (NI) on behalf of the United Kingdom government.
The primary purpose of the AONB designation is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the landscape, with two secondary aims: meeting the need for quiet enjoyment of the countryside and having regard for the interests of those who live and work there. To achieve these aims, AONBs rely on planning controls and practical countryside management.
As they have the same landscape quality, AONBs may be compared to the national parks of England and Wales. AONBs are created under the same legislation as the national parks, the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. Unlike AONBs, national parks have their own authorities, have special legal powers to prevent unsympathetic development, and are well known to many inhabitants of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. By contrast, there are very limited statutory duties imposed on local authorities within an AONB and there is evidence to indicate many residents in such areas may be unaware of the status. However, further regulation and protection of AONBs was added by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, and the Government has recently stated that AONBs and national parks have equal status when it comes to planning consent and other sensitive issues.
There are 35 AONBs in England, four in Wales, one (Wye Valley) that is in both England and Wales and nine in Northern Ireland. The most recently confirmed is the Tamar Valley AONB in 1994. AONBs vary greatly in terms of size, type and use of land, whether they are partly or wholly open to the public. All English and Welsh AONBs have a dedicated AONB officer and other staff. The smallest AONB is the Isles of Scilly (1976), 16 km², and the largest AONB is the Cotswolds (1966), 2,038 km². The AONBs of England and Wales together cover around 18% of the countryside in the two countries. The National Association for AONBs is an independent organisation acting on behalf of AONBs and their partners.
There are growing concerns among environmental and countryside groups that AONB status is increasingly under threat from development. The Campaign to Protect Rural England said in July 2006 that many AONBs were under greater threat that ever before. Three particular sites were cited: the Dorset AONB threatened by a road plan, the threat of a football stadium in the Sussex Downs AONB, and, larger than any other, a £1 billion plan by Imperial College to build thousands of houses and offices on hundreds of acres of AONB land on the Kent Downs at Wye (covered in detail at save-wye.org). Imperial College have now withdrawn their plans for development, seemingly to the disappointment of both Ashford Borough and Kent County councils (September 2006).
[edit] Scotland
The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 does not cover Scotland, instead Scotland has National Scenic Areas but there are significant differences. The Scottish Parliament passed the National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 creating two National parks of Scotland for Scotland. National Scenic Areas are designated and promoted by Scottish Natural Heritage
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Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England
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| Arnside and Silverdale | Blackdown Hills | Cannock Chase |Chichester Harbour | Chilterns | Cornwall | Cotswolds | Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs | Dedham Vale | Dorset | East Devon | East Hampshire | Forest of Bowland | High Weald | Howardian Hills | Isle of Wight | Isles of Scilly | Kent Downs | Lincolnshire Wolds | Malvern Hills | Mendip Hills | Nidderdale | Norfolk Coast | North Devon Coast | North Pennines | Northumberland Coast | North Wessex Downs | Quantock Hills | Shropshire Hills | Solway Coast | South Devon | South Hampshire Coast | Suffolk Coast and Heaths | Surrey Hills | Sussex Downs | Tamar Valley | |
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Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales
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| Anglesey | Clwydian Range | Moel Famau | Gower | Lleyn | Wye Valley | |
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Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Northern Ireland
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| Antrim Coast and Glens | Causeway Coast | Lagan Valley | Lecale Coast | Mourne | North Derry | Ring of Gullion | Sperrin | Strangford Lough
Erne Lakeland† | Fermanagh Caveland† |
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| Areas marked † are proposed | |
