Aristarkh Apollonovich Belopolsky
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Aristarkh Apollonovich Belopolsky (Аристарх Аполлонович Белопольский) (July 13 [O.S. July 1] 1854) – May 16, 1934) was a Russian astronomer.
He was born in Moscow and got his degree at Moscow University in 1876. In 1878 he became the assistant of Fyodor Aleksandrovich Bredikhin at Moscow Observatory. In 1888 he joined the staff of Pulkovo Observatory.
He worked in spectroscopy and discovered a number of spectroscopic binaries. Among others, he discovered that Castor B was a spectroscopic binary with a period of 2.92 days. Belopolsky was known for his fine instrument making, and in 1900 he built a device for measuring the doppler shift of spectra. He pioneered the use of optical doppler shift to measure the rotational rates of distant objects. He was the first to discover that the equator of Jupiter rotates more rapidly than higher latitudes, and that the rings of saturn do not rotate as a solid mass, proving that they were made up of individual small objects. He attempted twice to measure the rotational rate of Venus, suggesting 24 hours in 1900 and 35 hours in 1911 -- one of countless unsuccessful attempts by astronomers of that time to measure the length of the Venusian day.
He was a good friend of Oskar Backlund, and when the latter died in 1916, he succeeded him as director of Pulkovo Observatory. However he resigned in 1918, because he did not like the administrative burden.
Belopol'skiy crater on the Moon is named after him.
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