Beiyang
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The term Beiyang (Chinese: 北洋; pinyin: Běiyáng; Wade-Giles: Peiyang) originated toward the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it referred to the coastal areas of Fengtian (Chinese: 奉天; pinyin: Fèngtiān) (today's Liaoning), Zhili (Traditional Chinese:直隸, Simplified Chinese: 直隶, pinyin: Zhílì) (today's Hebei, and Shandong in northeast China.
Minister of Beiyang's (北洋通商大臣) position was to be hold by the Viceroy of Zhili. Its main responsibilities are trade relations and occasionally foreign affairs.
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