Bond dipole moment
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The bond dipole moment is a measure for the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. The bond dipole μ is given by:
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The bond dipole is modelled as +δ — δ- with a distance d between the partial charges +δ and δ-. It is a vector, pointing from minus to plus,[1] that is parallel to the bond.
The SI unit for the bond dipole moment is coulomb-meter (1 C m = 2.9979 1029 debye), δ is the amount of charge in coulomb, and d is in meter.
For a complete molecule the total molecular dipole moment may be approximated as the vector sum of individual bond dipole moments. Often bond dipoles are obtained by the reverse process: a known total dipole of a molecule can be decomposed into bond dipoles. The reason for doing this is the transfer of bond dipole moments to molecules that have the same bonds, but for which the total dipole moment is not yet known. The vector sum of the transferred bond dipoles gives an estimate for the total (unknown) dipole of the molecule.
[edit] Note
- ^ Organic chemists use the opposite convention.
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