Borchardt C-93
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The Borchardt C-93 pistol was designed by Hugo Borchardt in 1893. Ludwig Loewe & Company of Berlin, Germany, a manufacturer of machine tools, produced the C-93, a semi-automatic pistol that he had invented based upon the Maxim toggle-lock principle. He also developed the 7.65 x 25 mm Borchardt cartridge around which the C-93 was built. The Borchardt C-93 was the first semi-automatic pistol to be made in appreciable numbers.
Borchardt pistol was very expensive to produce. Further, its recoil was unexpectedly powerful. Georg Luger studied the Borchardt design and devolped the Pistol Parabellum in the late 1890s.