Buddha's delight

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Buddha's Delight

Buddha's delight, often transliterated as Luóhàn zhāi, lo han jai, or lo hon jai (Simplified Chinese: 罗汉斋; Traditional Chinese: 羅漢齋; pinyin: luóhàn zhāi), or simply called jai, is a vegetarian dish well known in Chinese cuisine. It is sometimes also called Luóhàn cài (simplified: 罗汉菜; traditional: 羅漢菜).

The dish is usually made with at least 10 ingredients, although more elaborate versions may comprise 18 or even 35 ingredients. If 18 ingredients are used, the dish is called Luóhàn quánzhāi (simplified: 罗汉全斋; traditional: 羅漢全齋). As suggested by its name, it is a dish traditionally enjoyed by Buddhist monks who are vegetarians, but it has also grown in popularity throughout the world as a common dish available in Chinese restaurants (though often not including all of the ingredients). It is traditionally served in Chinese households on the first day of the Chinese New Year, stemming from the old Buddhist practice that one should maintain a vegetarian diet in the first five days of the new year, as a form of self-purification. Some of the rarer ingredients, such as fat choy and arrowhead, are generally only eaten at this time of year.

Buddha's delight consists of various vegetables and other vegetarian ingredients (as well as sometimes also seafoods and eggs), which are cooked in soy sauce-based liquid with other seasonings until tender.

1 Ingredients
- 1.1 Main ingredients
  - 1.1.1 Commonly used main ingredients
  - 1.1.2 Less commonly used main ingredients
- 1.2 Seasonings
2 Etymology
3 External links
4 See also

[edit] Ingredients

The following is a list of ingredients often used in Buddha's delight, each of which, according to Chinese tradition, is ascribed a particular auspicious significance. As the dish varies from chef to chef and family to family, not every ingredient is always used in every version of the dish.

[edit] Main ingredients

[edit] Commonly used main ingredients

Arrowhead (慈菇; pinyin: cí gū)
Bamboo fungus (竹笙, pinyin: zhúshēng or竹荪; pinyin: zhúsūn)
Bamboo shoots (simplified: 笋; traditional; 筍; pinyin: sǔn)
Bean curd sticks (腐竹; pinyin: fǔ zhú; also called "tofu bamboo")
Black mushrooms (冬菇; pinyin: dōnggū)
Carrot (traditional: 胡蘿蔔; simplified: 胡萝卜, pinyin: hú luóbo; or traditional: 紅蘿蔔; simplified: 红萝卜, pinyin: hóng luóbo)
Cellophane noodles (粉絲; pinyin: fěn sī; also called "bean threads")
Daylily buds (金针; pinyin: jīnzhēn; also called "golden needles")
Fat choy (traditional: 髮菜; simplified: 发菜; pinyin: fàcài; a black hair-like cyanobacteria)
Ginkgo nuts (traditional: 銀杏; simplified: 银杏, pinyin: yín xìng; or 白果, pinyin: bái guǒ)
Lotus seeds (蓮子; pinyin: lián zĭ)
Napa cabbage (大白菜; pinyin: dà báicài)
Peanuts (花生; pinyin: huāshēng)
Snow peas (traditional: 荷蘭豆; simplified: 荷兰豆; pinyin: hélándòu)
Fried tofu (炸豆腐; pinyin: zhá dòufǔ)
Water chestnuts (traditional: 荸薺; simplified: 荸荠; pinyin: bíqí)
Fried wheat gluten (traditional: 麵筋, simplified: 面筋; pinyin: miàn jīn)
Wood ear (木耳; pinyin: mù ěr; black fungus)

[edit] Less commonly used main ingredients

Dried oysters (蠔豉; pinyin: háo shì)
Bean sprouts (豆芽, pinyin: dòu yá; 芽菜, pinyin: yá cài; or 银芽, pinyin: yín yá)
Bracken fern (蕨菜; pinyin: jué cài)
Bok choy (白菜; pinyin: báicài)
Cauliflower (菜花; pinyin: cài huā)
Chinese celery (芹菜; pinyin: qín cài)
Cloud ear fungus (traditional: 雲耳; simplified: 云耳; pinyin: yún ěr)
Red jujubes (traditional: 紅棗; simplified: 红枣; pinyin: hóng zǎo)
Lotus root (藕; pinyin: ǒu)
Other types of mushrooms (including straw mushrooms, 草菇, pinyin: cǎo gū; oyster mushrooms, 平菇, pinyin: píng gū; and Tricholoma mushrooms, 口蘑, pinyin: kǒu mó)
Osmanthus ear fungus (桂花耳; pinyin: guíhuā ěr)
Potato (马铃薯; pinyin: mălíng shǔ)
Quail eggs (鹌鹑蛋; pinyin: ān chún dàn)
Shrimp (traditional: 蝦; simplified: 虾; pinyin: xiā)
Snow fungus (银耳; pinyin: yín ěr)
Yellow fungus (黃耳; pinyin: huáng ěr; literally "yellow ear")
Yu er (榆耳; pinyin: yú ěr; literally "elm ear")

[edit] Seasonings

Chinese cooking wine (黃酒; pinyin: huáng jiǔ)
Garlic (大蒜; pinyin: dà suàn)
Ginger (simplified: 姜; traditional: 薑; pinyin: jiāng)
Monosodium glutamate (味精; pinyin: wèijīng)
Oil (usually peanut, 花生油; and/or sesame, 芝麻油)
Oyster sauce (simplified: 蚝油; traditional: 蠔油; pinyin: háo yóu)
Pickled tofu (豆腐乳; pinyin: dòufu rǔ; both red and white)
Salt (traditional: 鹽; simplified: 盐; pinyin: yán)
Soy sauce (老抽; pinyin: lǎochōu)
Starch (淀粉; pinyin: diànfěn)
Sugar (糖; pinyin: táng)
Water (水; pinyin: shuǐ)

[edit] Etymology

In the name luóhàn zhāi, luóhàn – short for Ā luóhàn (Traditional Chinese: 阿羅漢; Simplified Chinese: 阿罗汉; pinyin: Ā LuóHàn) – is the Chinese transliteration of the Sanskrit arhat, meaning an enlightened, ascetic individual or the Buddha himself. Zhāi (Traditional Chinese: 齋; Simplified Chinese: 斋; pinyin: zhāi) means "vegetarian."