Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform
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The Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform was an organisation set up to campaign for the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in the 1970s. Its most prominent leader was David Norris, an English studies lecturer in Trinity College, Dublin, Joycean scholar and from the 1980s to the present a member of Seanad Éireann.
Its first legal advisor was Mary McAleese, Reid Professor of Law at Trinity College, Dublin, now President of Ireland. She was succeeded in that role by Mary Robinson, a former Reid Professor of Law, who later became the first female President of Ireland.
Norris took a case to the Irish High Court in 1977 seeking a declaration that the laws of 1861 and 1885 which criminalised homosexual conduct were not in force since the enactment of the Constitution of Ireland. Article 50 of the Constitution provides that laws enacted before the Constitution that are inconsistent with it would no longer be in force. The case was lost on legal grounds and the decision was upheld on appeal to the Irish Supreme Court which referred in its judgment to Christian moral teaching and the needs of society.
Norris then took a case in 1983 to the European Court of Human Rights claiming that the Irish laws breached the state's obligations under Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, regarding respect for private life (NORRIS v. IRELAND - 10581/83). In a 1988 ruling, the court found that the Irish laws were in breach of the convention and directed the state to pay costs to Norris.
No reform action was taken by the then Government of Taoiseach Charles Haughey. When Albert Reynolds succeeded as Taoiseach in 1992, he declared that it was low on his list of priorities. However, in his subsequent coalition Fianna Fáil/Labour government, as a result of pressure from Labour the laws were finally reformed by the Justice Minister, Máire Geoghegan-Quinn in 1993. She was noted for insisting that an equal age of consent be provided for homosexuals and heterosexuals alike.
