Cao Cao's unification of northern China
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Cao Cao's unification of northern China was an important transitionary period in Chinese history. It led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Wei, one of the major Chinese states during the Three Kingdoms period.
Cao Cao, a warlord who had been a prominent member of the previous Han Dynasty, had first established his power in northern China by defeating his rival, Yuan Shao, in the Battle of Guandu in 200 AD. This made Cao Cao the most powerful ruler in northern China.
A year after being defeated in battle, Yuan Shao died. Yuan Shao's eldest son, Yuan Tan, and his younger son, Yuan Shang, fought a protracted war over the succession, but neither was able to gain the upper hand. Eventually, Yuan Tan decided to give his allegiance to Cao Cao in exchange for help against his younger brother. With Cao Cao's backing, Yuan Shao's capital, the city of Ye, was captured. Yuan Shang fled, seeking the protection of Gongsun Kang, who had once been an ally of his father. Gongsun Kang, however, feared an attack from Cao Cao, and so killed both Yuan Shang and his other brother, Yuan Xi.
Yuan Tan, after having defeated his younger brother, attempted to rebel against Cao Cao's control. The attempt failed, however, and Yuan Tan was executed. Gongsun Kang later surrendered to Cao Cao, although still existed as a semi-independent satellite state for several years. Thus, the reunification of the North was complete.
