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Carl Gustav Carus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carl Gustav Carus (17891869) was a German physiologist and painter, born at Leipzig.

A friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, he was a many-sided man: a doctor, a naturalist, a scientist and a psychologist and an advocate of the theory that health of body and mind depends on the equipoise of antagonistic principles. A landscape painter, he had drawing lessons from Julius Diez and subsequently studied under Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld at the Oeser drawing academy. From 1814 to 1817 he taught himself oil painting working under Casper David Friedrich, a Dresden landscape painter.

In 1811 he graduated as a doctor of medicine and a doctor of philosophy. In 1814 he was appointed professor of obstetrics and director of the maternity clinic at the teaching institution for medicine and surgery in Dresden. He wrote on art theory.

He is best known to scientists for originating the concept of the vertebrate archetype, a seminal idea in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution.

[edit] Works

Zoology, Entomology, Comparative anatomy, Evolution
  • Lehrbuch der Zootomie (1818, 1834).
  • Erläuterungstafeln zur vergleichenden Anatomie (1826–1855).
  • Von den äusseren Lebensbedingungen der weiss- und kaltblütigen Tiere (1824).
  • Über den Blutkreislauf der Insekten (1827).
  • Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie und Physiologie (1828).
  • Lehrbuch der Physiologie für Naturforscher und Aerzte (1838)- also medical
  • Zwölf Briefe über das Erdleben (1841).
  • Natur und Idee oder das Werdende und sein Gesetz. 1861.
Medical
  • Lehrbuch der Gynekologie (1820, 1838).
  • Grundzüge einer neuen Kranioskopie (1841).
  • System der Physiologie (1847–1849).
  • Erfahrungsresultate aus ärztlichen Studien und ärztlichen Wirken (1859).
  • Neuer Atlas der Kranioskopie (1864).
Psychology, Metaphysics, Race, Physiognomy
  • Vorlesungen über Psychologie (1831).
  • Psyche; zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Seele (1846, 1851).
  • Über Grund und Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen der Hand in veschiedenen Personen (1846).
  • Physis. Zur Geschichte des leiblichen Lebens (1851).

Denkschrift zum 100jährigen Geburtstagsfeste Goethes. Über ungleiche Befähigung der verschiedenen Symbolik der menschlichen Gestalt (1852, 1858).

  • Über Lebensmagnetismus und über die magischen Wirkungen überhaupt (1857).
  • Über die typisch gewordenen Abbildungen menschlicher Kopfformen (1863).
  • Goethe dessen seine Bedeutung für unsere und die kommende Zeit (1863).
  • Lebenserinnerungen und Denkwürdigkeiten – 4 volumes (1865-1866).
  • Vergleichende Psychologie oder Geschichte der Seele in der Reihenfolge der Tierwelt (1866).
Art
  • Briefe über Landschaftsmalerei. Zuvor ein Brief von Goethe als Einleitung (1819–1831).
  • Die Lebenskunst nach den Inschriften des Tempels zu Delphi ( 1863).
  • Betrachtungen und Gedanken vor auserwählten Bildern der Dresdener Galerie (1867).
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This article incorporates text from the public domain 1907 edition of The Nuttall Encyclopædia.


Persondata
NAME Carus, Carl Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION German philosopher, physician, painter
DATE OF BIRTH January 3, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH July 26, 1869
PLACE OF DEATH Dresden
In other languages
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