Chaghaniyan
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Chaghaniyan was a small principality located on the right bank of the Oxus River, to the south of Samarkand. In the late 7th and 8th centuries it was ruled by a local magnate who carried the title of Chaghan-koda. These rulers were most likely of Iranian stock. Eventually the principality fell into the hands of the Al Muhtaj, who were vassals of the Samanids in the 10th century and of the Ghaznavids in the early 11th. When the Muhtaj disappeared the history of the principality came to an end.