Chronophotography
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Woman walking downstairs by Eadweard Muybridge
Chronophotography is a Victorian application of science (the study of movement), and art (photography). It is the technique precursor to cinematography.
The word is from the Greek chronos and photography, "pictures of time."
Chronophotography is divided into two separate processes: Motography (continuous exposure of the subject) and Strobophotography (intermittent exposure of the subject)
Notable chronophotographers include Eadweard Muybridge, Etienne-Jules Marey, Ottomar Anschütz.