Codex Vyssegradensis

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The Codex Vyssegradensis, also known as the Vyšehrad Codex or the Coronation Gospels of Vratislav II, is a late 11th century illuminated manuscript Gospel Book made at the order of Czech diplomats to honour an anniversary of the Czech King Vratislav's coronation which took place in 1085. The codex is of Danubian provenance, and closely related to three other surviving manuscripts - two of them now in Poland and one in the Prague Capitol Library. They probably originated in the circle of the scriptorium at the Monastery of St. Emmeram in Regensburg.^[1]

The manuscript is now in the Czech National Library, Prague (Národní knihovna Ceské republiky). Vratislav was the first monarch of Bohemia, which was previously a dukedom.

The earliest known representation of the Tree of Jesse is in the book. ^[2] In a paper analysing this image, J.A. Hayes Williams points out that the iconography employed is very different to that usually found in such images, which she argues relates to an assertion of the rightful kingship of the royal patron. The page showing the Jesse Tree is accompanied by a number of other illuminated pages of which four depict the Ancestors of Christ. The Jesse Tree has not been used to support a number of figures, as is usual. Instead, the passage from Isaiah has been depicted in a very literal way. In the picture, the prophet Isaiah approaches Jesse from beneath whose feet is springing a tree, and wraps around him a banner with words upon it which translate literally as:- "A little rod from Jesse gives rise to a splendid flower", following the language of the Vulgate. Instead of the ancestors seen in later depictions, seven doves (with haloes) perch in the branches. These, in a motif from Byzantine art, represent the Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit as described by the Apostle Paul.^[2][3] Williams go on to compare it with two other famous images, theTree of Jesse window at Chartres Cathedral and the Lambeth Palace Bible in England. ^[2]

[edit] References

1. ^ Information given to the European Library site by the Czech National Library includes image
2. ^ ^{a b c} Jean Anne Hayes Williams, The Earliest Dated Tree of Jesse Image: Thematically reconsidered.[1]
3. ^ Epistle to the Romans, Chapter 12: verses 6-8.