Don Army

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After the October Revolution in 1917, a civil war broke out between the "Red" and "White" Don Cossacks.

In the Summer and Fall of 1918, the White Don Army controlled the Don territory, severed Red Army communications between Moskva and the Caucasus (allowing the White Volunteer Army to defeat the Red Army of the Northern Caucasus) and threatened Red Army positions at Tsaritsyn and Voronezh.

In the Winter of 1918-1919, the Red Southern Front, including their Group Kozhevnikov, 8th Army, 9th Army, and 10th Army, counterattacked the Don Army and regained control of the area northeast of the Donets and Manych rivers.