Dunfermline
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Dunfermline | |
|---|---|
| Dùn Phàrlain (Gaelic) | |
| Dunfermline (Scots) | |
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| OS grid reference: | NT105875 |
| Population: | 39,229 |
| Council area: | Fife |
| Constituent country: | Scotland |
| Sovereign state: | United Kingdom |
| Police force: | Fife Constabulary |
| Lieutenancy area: | Fife |
| Former county: | Fife |
| Post town: | DUNFERMLINE |
| Postal: | KY11, KY12 |
| Telephone: | 01383 |
| Scottish Parliament: | Dunfermline East Dunfermline West Mid Scotland and Fife |
| UK Parliament: | Dunfermline and West Fife |
| European Parliament: | Scotland |
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The Royal Burgh of Dunfermline (in Gaelic, Dùn Phàrlain) is a town in Fife, Scotland. It sits on high ground 3 miles from the shore of the Firth of Forth, northwest of Edinburgh. The town is the historic capital of Scotland and Robert the Bruce is buried within Dunfermline Abbey. The town is intersected from north to south by Pittencrieff Glen, a deep, picturesque and tortuous ravine, from which the town derives its name and at the bottom of which flows Lyne Burn. Dunfermline has a population of 39,229 [1].
Dunfermline is in close proximity to the site of the former naval base and dockyard of Rosyth. Major industries in the Dunfermline area include engineering, electronics, defence and textiles. These have more recently gone into a steady decline. Employment in the town has in recent years begun to diversify to service sector employment and major employers in Dunfermline now include HBOS (Halifax Bank of Scotland) and BSkyB [2].
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[edit] History
The history of Dunfermline goes back to a remote period, for the Culdees had an establishment here. The name comes from the Gaelic "Dùn Fearam Linn" which translates as "the fort in the bend of the stream". There is no documentary evidence for the name being derived from 'Parlan' or anything of the sort, other than the modern form of the name in Scottish Gaelic. The monks of the abbey called the Tower Burn, 'Aqua de Ferme' and the 'Ferm' element in the name dates back to documents of the eleventh century.
The town's increased fame and prosperity date from the marriage of Malcolm Canmore and his queen Margaret, which took place in the town in 1070. The king then lived in a tower on a mound surrounded on three sides by the glen. A fragment of this castle still exists in Pittencrieff Park, a little west of the later palace.
Under the influence of Queen Margaret in 1075 the foundations were laid of the Benedictine priory, which was raised to the rank of an abbey by David I (see Dunfermline Abbey). Robert the Bruce gave the town its charter in 1322, though in his Fife: Pictorial and Historical (ii. 223), A. H. Millar contends that till the confirming charter of James VI (1588) all burghal privileges were granted by the abbots.
In the 18th century Dunfermline impressed Daniel Defoe as showing the "full perfection of decay", but it regained prosperity. A staple industry was the manufacture of table linen. The weaving of damask was introduced in 1718 by James Blake, who had learned the secret of the process in the workshops at Drumsheugh near Edinburgh, to which he gained admittance by feigning idiocy; and after that date the linen trade advanced by leaps and bounds, much of the success being due to the beautiful designs produced by the manufacturers.
Among other industries that have largely contributed to the welfare of the town are dyeing and bleaching, brass and iron founding, tanning, machine-making, brewing and distilling, milling, rope-making and the making of soap and candles.
The town is well supplied with public buildings. Besides the New Abbey church, the United Free church in Queen Anne Street founded by Ralph Erskine, and the Gillespie church, named after Thomas Gillespie (1708—1774), another leader of the Secession movement, possess some historical importance. Erskine is commemorated by a statue in front of his church and a sarcophagus over his grave in the abbey churchyard; Gillespie by a marble tablet on the wall above his resting-place within the abbey.
The Corporation buildings, a blend of the Scots Baronial and French Gothic styles, contain busts of several Scottish sovereigns a statue of Robert Burns, and Sir Noel Paton’s painting of the "Spirit of Religion." Other structures are the County buildings, the Public, St Margaret’s, Music and Carnegie halls, the last in the Tudor style, Carnegie public baths, high school (founded in 1560), school of science and art, and two hospitals .
[edit] Eastern Expansion
Dunfermline has seen substantial growth, which has partially resulted from the rising house prices in Edinburgh. A large town expansion (known as Duloch Park) is taking place at the east of Dunfermline. It includes substantial provisions for housing and employment as well as a supermarket, a commercial leisure park and a district park with community woodland and open space.
The commercial leisure park has been called the Fife Leisure Park. It forms the most northern part of the eastern expansion and sits adjacent to junction 3 of the M90. It contains a number of commercial leisure facilities including an Odeon multiplex cinema, a bingo hall, a bowling alley and a gym. There are also a number of fast-food restaurants and a hotel associated with the leisure park.
[edit] Town Centre & Shopping
Dunfermline is a sub-regional shopping centre serving west Fife [3][4]. The centre is popular and has some of the highest levels of footfall in Fife [5]. The main shopping thoroughfare is located along a traditional, pedestrianised High Street. At one end of the High Street is a modern shopping mall, the Kingsgate Centre. A major expansion of the mall is currently underway. This is being built on the site of the former bus station and a multi-storey carpark. The extension will contain two levels of shops and will be anchored by a new Debenhams store, which is due for completion by the end of 2008. Fife Council are preparing plans to provide a new bus station at the west end of the High Street on the former Co-op site on Queen Ann Street.[6]
As a former capital of Scotland Dunfermline has an abbey and palace ruins which are located on the south-west edge of the town centre.
Facilities in and around the centre include the Carnegie Theatre, the Carnegie Library, the Carnegie Sports Centre, the Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum and the Abbots House Museum.
[edit] Queen Margaret Hospital
Queen Margaret was built in two phases; phase 1 completed in 1983 and phase 2 in 1993. After only 8 years there were plans to downgrade the Hospital, and remove the A&E.
There were plans for Queen Margaret to receive services from a potential downgrading of Victoria Hospital in Kirkcaldy, which never occurred.
Queen Margaret has a dedicated railway station, built in 2000.
[edit] Education
[edit] Primary Schools
Dunfermline has 14 primary schools:
- Bellyeoman Primary School
- Canmore Primary School
- Commercial Primary School
- Lynburn Primary School
- Masterton Primary School
- McLean Primary School
- Milesmark Primary School
- Pitcorthie Primary School
- Pitreavie Primary School
- Pittencrieff Primary School
- St.Leonard's Primary School
- St.Margaret's RC Primary School
- Touch Primary School
- Wellwood Primary School
[edit] Secondary Schools
There are four high schools in the Dunfermline area. It should be noted that Dunfermline does have some of the largest high schools in Scotland.
- Dunfermline High School
- Queen Anne High School
- Woodmill High School
- St. Columba's RC High School
[edit] Dunfermline High School
Thought to be one of the oldest schools in Scotland, with evidence for its founding in the early 1120s, Dunfermline High School and its alumni have played an important part in the town's history throughout the ages. It was King David I, the son of Malcolm Canmore and Queen Margaret, who originally put up the money for the school.
It was taken out of the Abbey under which it was born and founded properly in the town in 1468 by Abbott Richard De Bothwell.
Later the school was burned down during the reformation and rebuilt by Queen Anne of Denmark in 1560 who was gifted the school as a present by the King.
In the Old Statistical Account of Scotland of 1790 reference is made to a school kept by Mr Robert Paterson over Queen Anne of Denmark's house in Dunfermline. Under the patronage of Queen Anne, wife of James VI of Scotland, a school was founded which was open to both boys and girls.
The poet Robert Henryson was one of the first "Masters" of the school. (Later the title master was changed to Rector)
It is from these great people that shaped the school in the first 800 years of its life that the house names come from - Canmore, Queen Margaret, Bothwell, Henryson; Denmark house was lost as recent school restructuring work as preparation for downsizing in 2008 when the school will be rebuilt. The school is the fourth largest in Scotland [7].
The school badge is made up from the crest of Malcolm Canmore, the Queen Margaret Cross and the symbol of Abbot Bothwell.
The school has two latin mottos: 1. "Quid Quid agis age pro viribus" meaning "Everything you do do it with vigour". 2. "Labor Omnia Vincit" meaning "Work conquers everything".
There are plans to rebuild the high school but they are still in the early planning stages.
[edit] Queen Anne High School
Queen Anne High School is a large non-denominational secondary school of around 1,800 pupils. It is the fifth largest in Scotland [8]. It is located on the northern outskirts of Dunfermline on Pilmuir Street (the A823).
Between the latter part of the nineteenth century and the 1930s, the school was located on a site between what is now bounded by the Kingsgate Shopping Centre, Pilmuir Street and Carnegie Drive. In the 1930s it moved to the former Dunfermline High School building that lay to the north of Priory Lane. In the 1950s it moved again to a new campus at Broomhead, just to the south of its current location. In August 2003 it moved again, but this time only 200 yards to the north.
[edit] Further Education
Dunfermline is home to Lauder College. It is located in the Halbeath area on the east of the town.
Dunfermline is within commuting distance for universities in Edinburgh, Stirling, Dundee and Glasgow.
[edit] Transport
Dunfermline is served by two rail stations on the Fife Circle line. These are Dunfermline Town on St Leonards Street and Dunfermline Queen Margaret. Stations located at Rosyth and Inverkeithing also serve a number of housing estates to the south of the town.
Originally, there were two stations in the town, Dunfermline Upper and Dunfermline Lower. Dunfermline Upper on Carnegie Drive, closed in 1967, due to the Beeching downgrading of railway branch lines and stations. The site was empty land, until a retail park was built on the site, New Carnegie Drive around 1991.
Dunfermline Lower became simply Dunfermline, which operated on St Leonards Street and was the only station in the town. Dunfermline has changed its name slightly to became Dunfermline Town in 2000.
The main bus provider in Dunfermline is Stagecoach Fife, which operates services to surrounding towns and cities.
There is a 20mins service to Edinburgh, with all journeys operating via Ferrytoll park and ride facility which has been built to the south of Inverkeithing. Buses from here also link with Heriot-Watt University, Gyle, Leith and Edinburgh Airport.
[edit] Political subdivisions
Just before the 1975 reforms of the local government, there were plans to cut Fife in two with the southern half going to Edinburgh hands, but after public protest the plans were dropped.
From 1975 Dunfermline gave its name to a local government district in the Fife region of Scotland. Since 1996 it has been included in the Fife unitary area. (See: Subdivisions of Scotland)
See A. H. Millar’s Fife: Pictorial and Historical (2 vols,, 5895); and Sheriff Alneas Mackay’s History of Fife and Kinross (189?).
[edit] Town twinning
[edit] Notable people
Several distinguished names have connections with Dunfermline.
Robert Henryson (1430 - 1506), the poet, was long one of its schoolmasters. John Row (1568 - 1646), the Church historian, held the living of Carnock, 5 km (3 miles) to the west., and David Ferguson (d. 1598) who made the first collection of Scottish proverbs (not published till 1641), was parish minister; Robert Gilfillan (1798—1850), the poet, and Sir Joseph Noel Paton (1821-1901), painter and poet—whose father was a designer of patterns for the damask trade - were all born here.
Andrew Carnegie, however, is in a sense the most celebrated of all her sons, as he is certainly her greatest benefactor. He gave to his birthplace the free library and public baths, and, in 1903, the estate of Pittencrieff Park and Glen, rich in historical associations as well as natural charm, together with bonds yielding £25,000 a year, in trust for the maintenance of the park, the support of a theatre for the production of plays of the highest merit, the periodical exhibitions of works of art and science, the promotion of horticulture among the working classes and the encouragement of technical education in the district. So while New York's Carnegie Hall is much better known, Dunfermline has its own.
Dunfermline is the hometown of the still-running 1970s rock band, Nazareth. `70's punk band The Skids and `80's pop-rock band Big Country were both founded here by singer/songwriter/guitarist Stuart Adamson, who grew up here. Dunfermline is also known as the birthplace of musician Ian Anderson, the frontman of the long-running British group Jethro Tull. Singer Barbara Dickson is also from the town.
Nutritionist and television presenter Gillian McKeith also grew up in the town.
[edit] Sport
[edit] Football
Dunfermline has one professional football team, Dunfermline Athletic (DAFC), which plays in the Scottish Premier League (SPL), the top division in Scottish football. The club is based at East End Park on Halbeath Road and has the nickname 'The Pars'. Dunfermline Athletic won the Scottish Cup in 1961 and 1968, and played regular European football in the UEFA and European Cup-Winners Cups throughout the 60s and early 70s. They reached the Semi Final of the European Cup Winners Cup in season 68-69, losing 1-2 on aggregate to eventual winners Slovan Bratislava. On the way to the semi-final they beat Apoel FC Olympiakos and West Bromwich Albion. The club are currently managed by former Derry City manager Stephen Kenny, after Jim Leishman moved upstairs to a "Director of Football" role in November 2006.
[edit] Rugby Union
Dunfermline Rugby Football Club are based at McKane Park. The club has various teams, from the First XV which plays in Scotland's Premier 3 League, through to a Mini Section for primary school children.
[edit] Athletics
Linsey Macdonald was a member of the bronze medal winning women's 400m relay team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. She was also a finalist in the individual 400m. Her old club Pitreavie AAC is still an active club with international competitors in track and field, cross country and road running.
The Dunfermline City Half Marathon is one of several summer long distance races which attracts an international field.
[edit] External links
- Dunfermline online website
- Early Carnegie Libraries - featuring the world's first Carnegie Library in Dunfermline.
- Dunfermline Economic Profile
- Dunfermline Information
[edit] References
- Scottish Executive. Scottish schools, names, addresses and school rolls. Retrieved on December 23, 2006.
