Echternach

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Echternach
Iechternach

District

Grevenmacher

Canton

Echternach

LAU 2

LU00006005

Geography

Area
Area rank

20.49 km²
53rd of 116

Highest point
Highest point rank

393 m
=65th of 116

Lowest point
Lowest point rank

154 m
11th of 116

Population

Population (2005)
Population rank

4,507
26th of 116

Density (2005)
Density rank

220.0 /km²
28th of 116

List of communes of Luxembourg

Echternach (Luxembourgish: Iechternach) is a commune with city status in the canton of Echternach, which is part of the district of Grevenmacher, in eastern Luxembourg. Echternach lies near the border with Germany, and is the oldest town (current population 4,610) in Luxembourg.

Basilica in Echternach

It grew around the walls of the Abbey of Echternach, which was founded in 698 AD by St. Willibrord, an English monk of Ripon, who became the first bishop of Utrecht and worked to Christianize the Frisians. As bishop, he directed the monastery as abbot until his death in 739. It is in his honour that the dancing procession takes place annually on Whit Tuesday. This is the only such dance which survives in the region; there was formerly also one at the Mont St. Jean in Dudelange.

The River Sauer that flows past the town now forms the border between Luxembourg and Germany, but in the later Roman Empire and under the Merovingians this was not a marcher land at all. The Roman villa at Echternach (traces of it were rediscovered in 1975) which was part of the see of Trier (now in Germany) was presented to Willibrord by Irmina (Irmine), daughter of Dagobert II, king of the Franks. Other parts of the Merovingian's Roman inheritance were presented to the Abbey by Pepin.

Echternach continued to have royal patronage from the house of Charlemagne. Though the monks were displaced by secular canons of the bishop of Trier, 859 - 971, and though Willibrord's buildings burned down in 1017, the Romanesque basilica with symmetrical towers (illustration, above right) still houses his tomb in its crypt. As the abbey, with a famous library and scriptorium flourished, the town of Echternach formed around the abbey's outer walls and was granted a city charter in 1236. The abbey was rebuilt in a handsome Baroque range in 1737. The monks were dispersed in 1797, and the abbey's contents and its famous library were auctioned off. Some of the library's early manuscripts are at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. A porcelain factory was established in the abbey, and the town declined, until the railroad brought tourists.

Echternach City Hall

There are two churches at Echternach. the larger is the Abbey's basilica of St Willibrord (now a school), now surrounded by the 18th Century abbey in the town's historical and cultural centre. The other is the parish church of St Peter and Paul.

The picturesque town, still surrounded by its medieval walls with towers, was badly damaged in World War II and has been thoroughly restored; it has been the site of a May and June International Music Festival since 1975.