Empress Chen Jiao
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- This is a Chinese name; the family name is Chen.
Empress Chen Jiao (Traditional Chinese: 陳嬌; pinyin: Chén Jiaō) was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the first wife of Emperor Wu of Han, but was deposed in 130 BCE. Her father was Chen Wu (陳午), the Marquess of Tangyi. Her mother was Emperor Wu's aunt Princess Liu Piao (劉嫖), making her and her husband cousins[1]. They married when he was still the Prince of Jiaodong under his father Emperor Jing, and the marriage did much to enhance his political position, to allow him to later become crown prince over his older brother Liu Rong. When he became emperor in 141 BC, she was created empress[2].
Initially, Emperor Wu's love for her was so great that he bragged that he would build a golden house for her, inspiring the Chinese idiom "putting Jiao in a golden house" (金屋藏嬌), which, however, later became a term for keeping a mistress rather than a wife. She eventually lost favor because she did not bear a son, despite spending over 90 million currency coins in seeking treatment for her infertility[3]. Jealous of Consort Wei Zifu (衛子夫), who gave birth to a princess within one year, Empress Chen eventually retained witches to use witchcraft, in the attempt to restore her husband's love to her and curse other concubines (Consort Wei in particular). After this was discovered, she was deposed according to imperial laws[4] and put under house arrest (although, at least according to Emperor Wu, supplied with all the daily living necessities that an empress would receive). The witches and other people in the witchcraft, some 300, were executed in the crackdown[5].
Consort Wei was made empress several years later when she bore Emperor Wu his first son, after giving birth to three princesses. The former Empress Chen, now living in the cheerless, lonely Long Gate Palace (長門宮), attempted to regain Emperor Wu's sympathy by hiring the famous poet Sima Xiangru (司馬相如) to compose a song, which is later known as The Ode of Long Gate (長門賦)[6]. Although some later scholoars claimed that Emperor Wu was so touched by the poetic words that he revisited (ex-)Empress Chen and loved her again[7], these claims are likely to be just historically inaccurate bluffs -- all attempts by Chen Jiao to recapture Emperor Wu's heart were unsuccessful. She died about 20 years after she was deposed, but the exact year is not known. Her family, plagued by scandalous bad behaviours, also suffered downfall soon after she was deposed.[8]
[edit] Notes
- ^ 孝武陳皇后，長公主嫖女也。曾祖父陳嬰与項羽俱起，后歸漢，為堂邑侯。傳子至孫午，午尚長公主，生女
- ^ 初，武帝得立為太子，長主有力，取主女為妃。及帝即位，立為皇后
- ^ 陳皇后求子，與醫錢凡九千萬，然竟無子
- ^ 陳皇后挾婦人媚道，其事頗覺，於是廢陳皇后
- ^ 女子楚服等坐為皇后巫蠱祠祭祝詛，大逆無道，相連及誅者三百余人，楚服梟首于市
- ^ 《長門賦序》云﹐“孝武皇帝陳皇后時得倖﹐頗妒。別在長門宮﹐愁悶悲思。聞蜀郡成都司馬相如天下工為文﹐奉黃金百斤為相如﹑文君取酒﹐因于解悲愁之辭”。
- ^ 而相如為文以悟上﹐陳皇后復得親幸
- ^ 明年，堂邑侯午薨，主男須嗣侯。主寡居，私近董偃。十余年，主薨。須坐淫亂，兄弟爭財，當死，自殺，國除。后數年，廢后乃薨，葬霸陵郎官亭東。
| Preceded by Empress Wang Zhi |
Empress of Western Han Dynasty 141 BC–130 BC |
Succeeded by Empress Wei Zifu |
