Endemic birds of Australia

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This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.

Contents 1 Patterns of endemism 1.1 Australian endemic and near-endemic families 2 Endemic Bird Areas 3 List of species 3.1 Species endemic to coastal eastern Australia 3.1.1 Species endemic to the Cape York peninsula 3.1.2 Species endemic to the Queensland Wet Tropics 3.1.3 Species endemic to eastern Australia 3.1.4 Species found in more than one of the above areas, but not elsewhere 3.2 Species endemic to south-eastern Australia 3.3 Species endemic to Tasmania 3.4 Species endemic to south-west Australia 3.5 Species endemic to north-west Australia 3.6 Other endemics

[edit] Patterns of endemism

Family-level endemism is prominent in Australia. The Australasian biogeographic region has the highest number of endemic families of any zoogeographic region except the Neotropics, and many of these families are endemic to Australia itself — the country therefore stakes a strong claim to be the world's greatest hotspot of bird endemism.

[edit] Australian endemic and near-endemic families

The Australian endemic families are:

• Emu, a well-known monotypic family; the Emu is found in rural areas throughout the continent
• Plains-wanderer, a monotypic family; Plains-wanderer is restricted to arid inland areas in the southeast of Australia
• the Lyrebirds, two forest-dwelling species of southeast Australia
• the Scrub-birds, two forest-dwelling species, one found in southeastern Australia, the other in southwest Australia
• the Australian chats

In addition to the families listed above, the following families are endemic to the Australasian region, with most of their species endemic to Australia:

• the Australasian babblers — four of the five species in this family are endemic to Australia
• the Fairy-wrens and allies

A further group of families endemic to the Australasian region, but where the species are predominantly New Guinea endemics are listed in the article on endemic birds of New Guinea.

[edit] Endemic Bird Areas

Birdlife International has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in Australia:

181		Cape York
182		Queensland wet tropics
183		Eastern Australia
184		South-east Australia
185		Tasmania
186		South-west Australia
187		North-west Australia

Christmas Island, an Australian territory, is also an EBA.

In addition the following are classified as Secondary areas (areas with at least one restricted-range bird species, but not meeting the criteria to qualify as EBAs):

To be completed later.

[edit] List of species

The following is a list of bird species endemic to Australia:

[edit] Species endemic to coastal eastern Australia

[edit] Species endemic to the Cape York peninsula

• Buff-breasted Buttonquail
• Golden-shouldered Parrot
• White-streaked Honeyeater

[edit] Species endemic to the Queensland Wet Tropics

• Lesser Sooty-owl
• Chowchilla
• Fernwren
• Atherton Scrubwren
• Mountain Thornbill
• Grey-headed Robin
• Pied Monarch
• Bower's Shrike-thrush
• Bridled Honeyeater
• Macleay Honeyeater
• Tooth-billed Catbird
• Golden Bowerbird
• Victoria's Riflebird

[edit] Species endemic to eastern Australia

• Black-breasted Buttonquail
• Albert's Lyrebird
• Rufous Scrub-bird
• Eastern Bristlebird
• Pilotbird
• Origma
• Green Catbird
• Regent Bowerbird
• Paradise Riflebird

[edit] Species found in more than one of the above areas, but not elsewhere

• Lovely Fairywren (Cape York, Queensland Wet Tropics)
• Yellow-spotted Honeyeater (Cape York, Queensland Wet Tropics)
• Pale-yellow Robin (Queensland Wet Tropics, eastern Australia)

[edit] Species endemic to south-eastern Australia

To be completed later.

[edit] Species endemic to Tasmania

• King Island Emu
• Tasmanian Native-hen
• Green Rosella
• Orange-bellied Parrot (endemic as a breeding species, winters in south-east mainland Australia)
• Swift Parrot (endemic as a breeding species, winters in eastern and south-east mainland Australia)
• Brown Scrubwren
• Scrubtit
• Tasmanian Thornbill
• Dusky Robin
• Forty-spotted Pardalote
• Yellow-throated Honeyeater
• Black-headed Honeyeater
• Strong-billed Honeyeater
• Yellow Wattlebird
• Black Currawong

[edit] Species endemic to south-west Australia

• Baudin's Cockatoo
• Carnaby's Cockatoo
• Western Corella
• Western Rosella
• Red-capped Parrot
• Noisy Scrub-bird
• Western Thornbill
• Red-winged Fairy-wren
• Western Bristlebird
• Western Wattlebird
• Western Spinebill
• White-breasted Robin
• Western Shrike-tit
• Red-eared Firetail

[edit] Species endemic to north-west Australia

• Chestnut-backed Buttonquail
• Partridge Pigeon
• White-quilled Rock-pigeon
• Chestnut-quilled Rock-pigeon
• Black-banded Fruit-dove
• Hooded Parrot
• Rainbow Pitta
• White-throated Grasswren
• Black Grasswren
• Brown Whistler
• White-lined Honeyeater
• Yellow-rumped Munia

The Chestnut Rail is near-endemic to this region of Australia, elsewhere only being found on the Aru Islands.

[edit] Other endemics

• Emu
• Australian Painted Snipe
• Superb Lyrebird
• Carpenterian Grasswren

Endemism in birds
Regional overviews The Palaearctic: Western Palearctic | Central Asia | Japan Afrotropics & Malagasy region: Eastern Africa | Western and central Africa | Southern Africa | Madagascar region The Oriental region: S Asia | Andamans and Nicobars | SE Asia | Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java & Bali | Borneo | Sulawesi region | The Philippines | Taiwan Australasia & the Pacific: Australia | New Guinea region | New Zealand | New Caledonia | Hawaii North America: Eastern North America | Western North America | West Indies | Mexico and northern Central America | Southern Central America South America: Galápagos Islands Other: Southern Atlantic islands
Lists of: Endemic Bird Areas | Secondary Areas
Literature: Putting biodiversity on the map | Endemic Bird Areas of the World
Categories: Regional overviews | Endemic higher-level taxa | Restricted range endemics