Etiology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation. It is derived from the Greek meaning 'concerned with causes', and so can refer to myths as well as to medical and philosophical theories.
Contents |
[edit] Origin and usage of term
The term (deriving from the Greek words αἰτία aitia = cause and λόγος logos = word/speech) is used in philosophy, physics, psychology, government and biology in reference to the causes of various phenomena. It is generally the study of why things occur, or even the reasons behind the way that things act.
[edit] In medicine
In medicine in particular, the term refers to the causes of diseases or pathologies. An example of the usage can be found in Ref. [1], which discusses the etiology of cleft lips and explains several methods used to study causation.
[edit] In mythology
An etiological myth is a myth intended to explain a name or create a mythic history for a place or family. In Biblical criticism, etiologies give theological explanations for names or occurrences.
For example, the name Delphoi and its associated deity, Apollon Delphinios, are explained in the Homeric Hymn which tells how Apollo carried Cretans over the sea in the shape of a dolphin to make them his priests. While there is an actual etymological connection between Delphoi and delphis (delphus means "womb"), many etiological myths are based on popular etymology (the term "Amazon", for example). In Virgil's Aeneid (published circa 17 BC), many places are given mythical histories, but more importantly the then ruling Julian Family are related back to the mythical hero Aeneas through his son Ascanius, whose second name was Iulus (since I and J were interchangeable Iulus become Julus and thence the Julians). Another example might be that of the setting of the rainbow in the heavens as a sign of God's covenant with Noah - and through him all mankind (Genesis 9); or in the story of Lot's wife in Genesis 19 (specifically 26) explains why there are pillars of salt in the area of the Dead Sea. [2]
[edit] See also
- Just-so story (comparable to etiological myth)
[edit] References
- ^ Greene, Joanne, The three C's of etiology, Wide Smiles website
- ^ notes in Oxford Annotated Edition, Revised Standard Version of the Bible, 1973
