A History of Christianity (Paul Johnson)

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A History of Christianity is a historical study of the Christian Religion written by British journalist and author Paul Johnson. The book was written in the mid 1970s and reflects what Johnson perceives as "...public Christianity in headlong retreat...". (517) Johnson, a Roman Catholic, takes the view that "During these two millennia Christianity has, perhaps, proved more influential in shaping human destiny than any other institutional philosophy, but there are now signs that its period of predominance is drawing to a close, thereby inviting a retrospect and a balance sheet." (vii) He concludes in the end however "...is the expression 'decline' appropriate? If the claims of Christianity are true, then the number of those who publicly acknowledge them is of small importance; if they are not true, the matter is scarcely worth discussing." (514) A running theme of the work is that "Christianity is essentially a historical religion. It bases its claims on the historical facts it asserts. If they are demolished it is nothing." (vii)

[edit] Contents

The book is divided into eight parts.

The Rise and Rescue of the Jesus Sect (50 BC to 250 AD) - Discusses Roman Judeo cultural world, Council of Jerusalem, Essenes, John the Baptist, textual evidence of Jesus, rise of the Church, Paul, Valentinius, Marcion, Tertullian, Origen, coming predominance of Roman Church and the Papacy

From Martrys to Inquisitors (250 AD to 450 AD) - Diocletian's persecution, Constantine's conversion, first official Church, Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine.

Mitred Lords and Crowned Ikons (450 AD to 1054 AD) - Dark Age Christianity, monasticism, Christian relics, rise of Papacy, Carolingian age, Eastern Orthodox Church.

The Total Society and its Enemies (1054 AD to 1500 AD) - Height of Papacy, Middle Age theology, total Christian society, paying for Penance, corruption of Church, Crusades, millenarian revolts.

The Third Force (1500 AD to 1648 AD) - Reformation and Counter reformation, with an emphasis on Erasmus.

Faith, Reason and Unreason (1648 AD to 1870 AD) - Christianity's conflict with the Enlightenment, beginning of retreat of total Christian Society, Pascal, Voltaire, Protestantism, French Revolution, rerise of Papacy.

Almost Chosen Peoples (1500 AD to 1910 AD) - Christian missionaries, conversion of Latin America, East Asian Christianity, Francis Xavier, Alessandro Valignano, persucution of Japanese Christianity, American Christianity, 19th century missionary work, African Christianity.

The Nadir of Triumphalism (1870 AD to 1975 AD) - Modern Papacy, Modernity, Christianity and World War II, Nazism, decline of the Church in the West, rise of Pelagianism, Second Vatican Council.

He ends discussing the possible ending of the millennial long East-West Schism. How far the ending of schisms within Christianity will go is to be seen.

"...the argument about the control of the Christian Church is almost as old as Christianity itself; and it may be that it will continue so long as there are men and women who assert that Christ was God, and who await the parousia. Perhaps it is part of the providential plan that the organization of Christianity should be a perpetual source of discord. Who can say? We should remember the words of Saint Paul, towards the end of his letter to the Romans, the key document of the faith: 'O depth of wealth, wisdom, and knowledge in God. How unsearchable his judgements, How untraceable his ways. Who knows the mind of the Lord? Who has been his counsellor?'" (514)