A priori (mathematical modeling)
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In mathematical modeling and data mining, one might try to spot classes and clusters of data. For example, if a credit card company examines its data, it could search for patterns representing fraudulent use; with a priori knowledge of which data represents fraud it can classify different behaviour into known categories of fraud and non-fraud, but without this knowledge, it can only identify different clusters or typical patterns of data. Use of a priori knowledge is typical in supervised learning, whereas detecting clusters in data without a priori knowledge is an example of unsupervised learning.
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