AGM-45 Shrike

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**AGM-45 Shrike Anti-Radiation Missile**
**Technical summary**
An AGM-45 being fired by an A-4 Skyhawk
Primary function:	Antiradiation missile that homes in on hostile antiaircraft radars.
Propulsion:	Solid-fuel rocket
Length:	10 ft (3.05 m)
Weight:	390 lb (177.06 kg)
Diameter:	8 in (203 mm)
Warhead:	Conventional
Wingspan:	3 ft (914 mm)
Guidance:	Passive radar homing
Platforms:	A-4 Skyhawk, A-6 Intruder F-105 Thunderchief
Unit replacement cost:	$32,000.00

AGM-45 Shrike is an American anti-radiation missile designed to home in on hostile antiaircraft radars. The Shrike was developed by the Naval Weapons Center at China Lake in 1963 by mating a seeker head to the rocket body of an AIM-7 Sparrow. It was phased out by U.S. in 1992 and at an unknown time by the Israeli Air Force (the only other major user), and has been superseded by the AGM-88 HARM missile. The Israel Defense Forces developed a version of the Shrike that could be ground-launched and mounted it on an M4 Sherman chassis as the Kilshon (Hebrew for Trident).

[edit] History

The Shrike was first employed during the Vietnam War by the Navy in 1965 using A4 aircraft. The Airforce adopted the weapon the following year using F-105F and G Thunderchief Wild Weasel SEAD aircraft, and later the F-4 Phantom IIs in the same role. The range was nominally shorter than the SA-2 Guideline missiles the system was used against although it was a great improvement over the early method of attacking SAM sites with rockets and bombs from the F-100F Super Sabres. A Shrike was typically lofted about 30 degrees above the horizon at a Fan Song emitting target some 15 miles (25 km) away for a flight time of 50 seconds. Tactics incrementally changed over the campaigns of 1966 and 1967 until the advent of the AGM-78 Standard ARM which allowed launches from significantly longer range with much a much easier attack profile, as the ARM could be launched up to 180 degrees off target and still expect a hit and its speed allowed it to travel faster than the SA-2. Even after the AGM-78 entered service, the Weasels still carried the Shrike because the ARM cost about 200,000 dollars, while a shrike cost only 7,000. If USAF pilots expended an ARM they would have to fill out a lengthy form during debriefing. A somewhat standard load for the F-105G was a 650 US gal (2,500 L) centerline fuel tank, two ARM-78s on inboard pylons and two Shrikes on the outboards. The mix varied slightly for jamming pods and the occasional AIM-9 Sidewinder but this was the baseline.

Although the Shrike missile did not enter regular service with the United Kingdom, it was supplied to the RAF for use in the Falklands War of 1982. RAF Shrikes were fitted to modified Vulcan bombers in order to attack Argentinian radar installations during Operation Black Buck. Argentinian radar operators tried several ruses (none of which were successful) to lure RAF Vulcans within range of Argentinian missile defences eg by deliberately reducing the power of their radar emissions. A number of RAF Shrikes were successfully fired at Argentinian radar positions, resulting in damage to those installations and some fatalities among the operators.

[edit] Variants

The Shrike's limitations are characterized primarily in the fact that subvariants abound, each tuned to a different radar band. Angle gating, used to prioritize targets, was included in every subvariant of the AGM-45A and B after the A-2 and B-2. It was also slow and the lack of punch in the warhead made it difficult for bomb damage assessment, as well as inflicting any damage to the Fan Song Radar vans beyond a shattered radar dish, an easy item to replace or repair. The short range, combined with its lack of speed (compared to the SA-2 SAM) made for a difficult attack. The missile had to be well within the range of the SAM and if a SAM was fired the SAM would get to the aircraft first. Also the missile had few tolerances and had to be launched no more then + or - 3 degrees from the target. Many pilots in Vietnam did not like the Shrike because of its limitations and its success rate of around 25%.

The differences between the AGM-45A and B are in the rocket motor used, and in the warheads capable of being fitted. The AGM-45A used the Rocketdyne Mk 39 Mod 0 (or apparently in some cases the Aerojet Mk 53 Mod 1) motor, while the AGM-45B used Aerojet Mk 78 Mod 0 which greatly increased the range of the missile. As for warheads, the Mk 5 Mod 0, Mk 86 Mod 0, and WAU-8/B could all be fitted to the AGM-45A and were all blast-fragmentation in nature. The AGM-45B made use of the improved Mk 5 Mod 1 and Mk 86 Mod 1 warheads, as well as, the WAU-9/B, again all blast-fragmentation in type.

The following table provides information on what radar bands were associated with certain guidance sections, and the subvariant designation.

Designation	Guidance Section	Targeted Bands
AGM-45A-1	Mk 23 Mod 0	E/F Band
AGM-45A-2 AGM-45B-2	Mk 22 Mod 0/1/2	G Band
AGM-45A-3 AGM-45B-3	Mk 24 Mod 0/1/34	Broad E/F Band
AGM-45A-3A AGM-45B-3A	Mk 24 Mod 2/5	Narrow E/F Band
AGM-45A-3B AGM-45B-3B	Mk 24 Mod 3	E/F Band
AGM-45A-4 AGM-45B-4	Mk 25 Mod 0/1	G Band
AGM-45A-6 AGM-45B-6	Mk 36 Mod 1	I Band
AGM-45A-7 AGM-45B-7	Mk 37 Mod 0	E/F Band
AGM-45A-9 AGM-45B-9	Mk 49 Mod 0	I Band
AGM-45A-9A AGM-45B-9A	Mk 49 Mod 1	I Band, "G bias"
AGM-45A-10 AGM-45B-10	Mk 50 Mod 0	E Band to I Band