Alpha Crucis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 The position of Acrux. |
|
| Observation data Equinox J2000 |
|
|---|---|
| Constellation | Crux |
| Right ascension | 12h 26m 35.9s |
| Declination | −63° 05' 57" |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 1.40/2.09 |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | B0.5IV/B1V |
| U-B color index | −1.03 |
| B-V color index | −0.08 |
| Variable type | ? |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −11.2 km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −35.37 mas/yr Dec.: −14.73 mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 10.17 ± 0.67 mas |
| Distance | 320 ± 20 ly (98 ± 6 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | −4.19/−3.79 |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Acrux (α Cru / α Crucis / Alpha Crucis) is the brightest star in constellation Crux (the Southern Cross) and the thirteenth brightest star in the nighttime sky, at visual magnitude 0.77.
It is known as 十字架二 (the Second Star of the Cross) in Chinese.
The Acrux is represented in the flags of Australia and New Zealand as one of the 5 stars that comprise the Southern Cross. It is also featured in the flag of Brazil as part of the Crux, along with other 26 stars, each representing a state. Acrux represents the State of São Paulo.
Acrux is at roughly −60° declination, it is only visible south of the Tropic of Cancer. In spite of these, due to wobbling of Earth, ancient Hindu atronomers in India named it “Tri-shanku”. The ancient Sanskrit name for the constellation of “Southern Cross” is “Swastika”. Whereas the Sanskrit name of the North Star “Dhruva” means “Very stable”, name and the mythological story for “Tri-shanku” implies neither stable nor unstable, which perfactly describs the Acrux’s motion. "Acrux" is simply a combination of the A in Alpha plus Crux. Acrux is the southernmost first magnitude star, just a bit more southerly than Alpha Centauri.
Acrux is a trinary star located 320 light years from the solar system. Only two components are visually distinguishable, α1 and α2, separated by 4 arcseconds. α1 is magnitude 1.40 and α2 is magnitude 2.09, both hot class B (almost class O) stars, with surface temperatures of about 28,000 and 26,000 kelvins respectively; their respective luminosities are 25,000 and 16,000 times that of the Sun. α1 and α2 orbit over such a long period that motion is only barely seen. From their minimum separation of 430 astronomical units, the period is at least 1500 years, and may be much longer.
α1 is itself a spectroscopic binary star, with its components thought to be around 14 and 10 times the mass of the Sun and orbiting in only 76 days at a separation of about one astronomical unit. The masses of α2 and the brighter component of α1 suggest that the stars will someday explode as supernovae. The fainter component of α1 may survive to become a massive white dwarf.
Another class B subgiant lies 90 arcseconds away from triple Acrux and shares Acrux's motion through space, suggesting it may be gravitationally bound to Acrux. However, if it is indeed located near Acrux, it is under-luminous for its class. It is probably just an optical double star, most likely lying over twice as far away from the solar system as Acrux.
