Andalusian people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Andalusians (Andaluz) |
|---|
| Total population |
|
8.5 million (est) |
| Regions with significant populations |
Spain:
France: 31,516 (2006)[9] |
| Languages |
| Spanish language (Andalusian Spanish) |
| Religions |
| Predominantly Roman Catholic. |
The Andalusians are an ethnic and cultural group in Spain centered in the Andalusia region. They are often not considered an ethnically distinct people because they lack two of the most important markers of distinctiveness: their own language and an awareness of a presumed common origin, although the latter is debatable, given the widespread cultural associations linking Andalusian immigrants, known as "Casas de Andalucía" and Andalusia's own statute of autonomy, identifying the region as an "historic nationality" and granting it a high level of devolved political power. Nonetheless, the Andalusians have a distinct Andalusian dialect, which a minority claim to actually be a separate language. Nevertheless, the region has become increasingly important in an industrial and democratic society. Andalusians have a rich culture which includes the famous flamenco style of music and dance.
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[edit] Geographical location and population
The Andalusian people live mainly in Spain's eight southernmost provinces: Almería, Cadiz, Cordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Seville, which all are part of the region and modern Autonomous Community of Andalusia. In January 2006 the total population of this region stood at 7,849,799[13]. In comparison with the rest of Spain, Andalusia population growth has been slower and it continues to be sparsely populated in some rural areas (averaging just 84 inh. per km²). Since 1960, the region's share of total population has declined, despite birth rates being about 40 percent higher than the Spanish average during past decades (currently it is only a 13% higher[14]).
Between 1951 to 1975, over 1.7 million Andalusian people emigrated out of Andalusia to other areas of Spain. [15] This figure was approximately a 24% of the population of Andalusia as a whole, mostly hitting the countryside areas. The main receivers of this migration were Catalonia (989,256 people of Andalusian origin in 1975), Madrid (330,479) and Valencia (217,636), and to a lesser level, the Basque Country and Balearics.
During 1962 to 1974, around 700,000 Andalusians —almost all of them male, aged 15 to 44— moved abroad for economic reasons, mainly originating from the provinces of Granada, Jaén y Córdoba. Their preferred destination were countries as France, West Germany and Switzerland, followed by the United Kingdom, Nederlands and Belgium. There are no official recorded figures for previous decades.[16]
Previously Andalusia has also experienced similar migratory trends: During the last twenty years of 19th century, over 150,000 Andalusians emigrated to the Americas as a result of crop failures caused by the Phylloxera plague.[17] Many Andalusian peasants moved to Brazil to work in the coffee plantations, mainly in rural areas of São Paulo State.
[edit] Rationale
Most descriptions of Andalusia begin with the landownership system, as the most powerful forces in the region have for centuries been the owners of the large estates, called latifundios. These wide expanses of land have their origins in landowning patterns that stretch back to Roman times; in grants of land made to the nobility, to the military orders, and to the church during the Reconquest (Reconquista); and in laws of the nineteenth century by which church and common lands were sold in large tracts to the urban middle class. The workers of this land, called jornaleros, were themselves landless.
This economic and cultural system produced a distinctive perspective, involving class consciousness and class conflicts as well as significant emigration. In contrast to the much smaller farm towns and villages of northern Spain, where the land was worked by its owners, class distinctions in the agro-towns of Andalusia stood out. The families of the landless farmers lived at, or near, the poverty level, and their relations with the landed gentry were marked by conflict, aggression, and hostility. The two main forces that kept Andalusia's rural society from flying apart were external. The first was the coercive power of the state, as exemplified by Spain's rural constabulary, the Civil Guard (Guardia Civil). The second was the opportunities to migrate to other parts of Spain, or to other countries in Western Europe. Some of this migration was seasonal; in 1982, for example, 80,000 Spaniards, mostly Andalusians, migrated to France for the wine harvest. Part of the migration consisted of entire families who intended to remain in their new home for longer periods, once the head of the family group had settled down.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Source: Instituto Andaluz de Estadística (IAE), excluding anyone born outside Andalusia
- ^ http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=270253 Source: Consejería de Gobernación, Junta de Andalucía (Andalusian Autonomous Government)
- ^ Ibid
- ^ Ibid
- ^ http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/economiayhacienda/economia/estudios/bea/descarga/TOMO_24/BEA24_119.pdf RECAÑO VALVERDE, Joaquín (1998): "La emigración andaluza en España" in Boletín Económico de Andalucía, issue 24
- ^ RECAÑO VALVERDE, Joaquín: Ibid
- ^ RECAÑO VALVERDE, Joaquín: Ibid
- ^ RECAÑO VALVERDE, Joaquín: Ibid
- ^ Consejería de Gobernación
- ^ Consejería de Gobernación
- ^ Consejería de Gobernación
- ^ http://andaluciajunta.es/CCVV_FDComu_CAE/0,19057,5263732_17010963,00.html?fpChannel=17010963 Dirección General de Andaluces en el Exterior, Junta de Andalucía
- ^ http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/iea/dtbas/dtb06/dtb2006.pdf INSTITUTO DE ESTADISTICA DE ANDALUCÍA (2006): Andalucía. Datos básicos 2006. Consejería de Economía y Hacienda, Junta de Andalucía.
- ^ Ibid
- ^ RECAÑO VALVERDE, Joaquín: Ibid
- ^ http://www.ahimsav.com/149-nov_archivos/page0006.htm "El boom migratorio exterior"
- ^ DE MATEO AVILES, Elias (1993): La Emigración Andaluza a América (1850-1936). Editorial Arguval. Málaga, Spain
- This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain.
