Arya Samaj

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Arya Samaj (Devanagari: आर्य समाज्, English: Noble Society) is a Hindu reform movement in India that was founded by Swami Dayananda in 1875. He was a sannyasi (renouncer) who believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda advocated the doctrine of karma and reincarnation, and emphasized the ideals of brahmacharya (chastity) and sanyasa (renunciation).

The society was united with the Theosophical Society for a certain time, under the name Theosophical Society of the Arya Samaj. The doctrines of Arya Samaj are identified as religious fundamentalism by Ruthven (2007:108).

Contents 1 Doctrines 2 Relations with Sikhs 3 References 4 See also 5 External Links

[edit] Doctrines

The doctrines of the Samaj are summed up in Ten Principles:

1. God is the primary cause of all true science and of all that can be known through it.
2. God is Existent, Intelligent and Blissful. He is Formless, Almighty, Just, Merciful, Unborn, Infinite, Unchallengeable, Beginningless, Incomparable, the Support and Lord of all, Omniscient, Imperishable, Immortal, Fearless, Eternal, Holy and the Maker of the universe. To Him alone worship is due.
3. The Vedas are scriptures of true knowledge. It is the duty of all Aryas to read them, hear them being read and recite them to others.
4. All persons should be ready to accept the truth and give up untruth.
5. All action should be performed in conformity with Dharma, that is, after due consideration of the right and wrong.
6. The primary aim of the Arya Samaj is to do good for all, that is, promote physical, spiritual and social well-being.
7. All people should be treated with love, fairness and due regard for their merit.
8. One should aim at dispelling ignorance and promoting knowledge.
9. One should not only be content with one's own welfare, but should look for it in the welfare for others also.
10. One should regard oneself under restriction to follow altruistic rulings of society, while all should be free in following the rules of individual welfare.

Dayananda rejected all non-Vedic beliefs altogether. Hence the Arya Samaj unequivocally condemned iconolatry, animal sacrifices, ancestor worship, pilgrimages, priestcraft, offerings made in temples, the caste system, untouchability and child marriages, on the grounds that all these lacked Vedic sanction. It aimed to be a universal church based on the authority of the Vedas. Dayananda stated that he wanted ‘to make the whole world Arya’. That is, he wanted to develop a missionary Hinduism based on the universality of the Vedas.

To this end the Arya Samaj set up schools and missionary organisations, extending its activities outside India. It now has branches around the world. It has a disproportional number of adherents among people of Indian ancestry in Suriname and the Netherlands, in comparison with India.

Arya Samaj is a global organisation having about 8000 Arya Samaj units popularly known as Arya Samaj Temples, but they are not "temples" in the traditional meaning of the term. They are rather the controlling offices of the philanthropic activities undertaken by the team in the society.

Activists include:

• Lala Hardayal,
• Bhai Parmanand

[edit] Relations with Sikhs

In 1875, Arya Samaj established itself in Punjab, and some leaders began stating publically that Sikhism is a way of worship in Hinduism the "Eternal Dharma." Sikhs that practice Hinduism are known as Sanatan Sikhs and they established an organization known as the Sanatan Singh Sabha.[1] Deeply distressed at the possible irrevocable loss of Sikhism and Sikh identity, Tat Khalsa was formed with the backing of the British in Lahore to reaffirm Sikhism as a unique religion, and peaceably regain control of Sikh institutions and gurdwaras from Arya Samaj influence.

[edit] References

• M. Ruthven, Fundamentalism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, USA (2007), ISBN 978-0199212705.

[edit] See also

• Hindu reform movements
• Hindu Renaissance
• Brahmo Samaj
• Prathna Samaj
• Tilak Mission
• Ramakrishna Mission
• Prakash Vir Shastri

Hindu reform movements v • d • e
Brahmo Samaj · Prarthana Samaj  · Arya Samaj · Ramakrishna Mission · Gandhism · Hindutva · Sri Aurobindo Ashram · Parisada Hindu Dharma
Topics
Bhakti · Caste · Indian independence movement ·Persecution of Hindus ·Shuddhi ·Women in Hinduism
Important Hindu reformers and Hindu revivalist writers
Sri Aurobindo · Ananda Coomaraswamy · Alain Daniélou · Koenraad Elst · David Frawley · Sita Ram Goel · M. S. Golwalkar · Mahatma Gandhi · Harsh Narain · Gedong Bagus Oka · The Mother · Srila Prabhupada · Raja Ram Mohun Roy · Ramakrishna · Dayananda Saraswati · V. D. Savarkar · Keshub Chandra Sen · Swami Sivananda · Arun Shourie · Ram Swarup · Debendranath Tagore · Rabindranath Tagore · B. G. Tilak · Vivekananda · Yogananda

[edit] External Links

Arya Pratinidhi Sabha America - http://www.aryasamaj.com
Aryasamaj website in Hindi and English at http://www.aryasamaj.org
Arya Samaj 101: An Introductory Guide at http://aryasamaj101.googlepages.com/home2