Battle of Carlisle

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Battle of Carlisle

Date	July 1, 1863
Location	Carlisle, Pennsylvania
Result	Inconclusive (Confederates withdrew)

Combatants

United States of America

Confederate States of America

Commanders

William F. Smith

J.E.B. Stuart

Strength

Pennsylvania and New York state militia (app. 1,000 men)

Cavalry division of three brigades

Casualties

minimal

Gettysburg Campaign
Brandy Station – 2nd Winchester – Aldie – Middleburg – Upperville – Sporting Hill – Hanover – Gettysburg – Carlisle – Hunterstown – Fairfield – Williamsport – Boonsboro – Manassas Gap

The Battle of Carlisle was a relatively small, but strategically important skirmish during the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War, taking place on July 1, 1863, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. It coincided with the opening of the Battle of Gettysburg, and was part of the reason why Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart did not arrive at that battle until well into the second day of fighting. His failure to rejoin the Army of Northern Virginia earlier was a source of annoyance and concern to Gen. Robert E. Lee, who missed the "eyes and ears" of his army as he engaged the Army of the Potomac.

Stuart, on a lengthy roundabout ride to locate Lee's army, briefly engaged Union militia under Maj. Gen. William F. "Baldy" Smith at Carlisle, and then set fire to the famed Carlisle Barracks military outpost before withdrawing towards Gettysburg.

1 Background
2 Stuart's raid
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Background

The borough of Carlisle, located in the Cumberland Valley not far from the state capital of Harrisburg, had already been occupied by Confederate troops of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia a few days earlier. On June 27, 1863, Ewell had stopped at Carlisle en route to Harrisburg, and had requisitioned supplies, forage, and food from the populace. Ewell, as well as some of his officers, had been stationed at the Carlisle Barracks prior to the Civil War when they were still members of the United States Army. He paused in Carlisle while sending his cavalry under Brig. Gen. Albert G. Jenkins towards the Susquehanna River and Harrisburg. After resting much of his infantry overnight, Ewell moved northward in his quest to seize the state capital.

After the Confederates left, Carlisle had been reoccupied by Baldy Smith and a small contingent of New York and Pennsylvania militia from the Department of the Susquehanna, dispatched by the department commander, Maj. Gen. Darius N. Couch. The 32nd and 33rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia, Landis's Philadelphia militia artillery battery, and a company of the 1st New York Cavalry formed Smith's force. The scene, according to one witness, was "that of a merry picnic."^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Stuart's raid

On July 1, Stuart's three brigades of cavalry, at the end of their raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania, came into the town to look for supplies and to attempt to ascertain the whereabouts of Ewell's troops. They instead encountered Smith's militiamen. Despite having a large numerical advantage, Stuart's troopers were too exhausted from a month of campaigning to attack the town outright, and Stuart initially feared that the enemy troops were veterans from the Army of the Potomac.

After learning that Smith's men were only militia, Stuart sent Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee into Carlisle with a white flag, telling Smith to either evacuate the town or clear out the women and children. Smith replied that he had already done the latter, and refused to surrender. Stuart's horse artillery then began bombarding the town. After about an hour of shelling, Stuart received word that fighting had broken out to the southwest at Gettysburg between the main armies. Unable to take the town by force, Stuart disengaged, ordering the Carlisle Barracks to be set on fire by his men. Stuart then began to move towards the fighting at Gettysburg.

Casualties for both sides were minimal, with eight Confederate casualties, and one Federal killed and a dozen wounded. Besides the Barracks, a lumber yard and the local gas works were destroyed. However, Stuart's delay at Carlisle impacted his ability to rendezvous with Lee's main army.