User:Bignole/Sandbox
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Note: Use Jabba the Hutt, Palpatine, or Padmé Amidala as reference.
- Sidenote: See Dave's Freddy Krueger for work on that page.
Friday the 13th character | |
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Jason Voorhees | |
Classification: | Spree killer |
Weapon of Choice: | Machete |
Location: | Camp Crystal Lake |
Gender: | Male |
Race: | Caucasian |
Portrayed by: | Ari Lehman (child) (Friday the 13th) Warrington Gillette (unmasked) & Steve Daskewisz (masked) (Friday the 13th Part 2) Richard Brooker (Friday the 13th Part 3) Ted White (Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter) Tom Morga (Friday the 13th: A New Beginning) C.J. Graham (most of the film) & Dan Bradley (one scene) (Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives) Kane Hodder (Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood - Jason X) Timothy Burr Mirkovich (child)(Part VIII only) Ken Kirzinger & Spencer Stump (child) (Freddy vs. Jason) |
Jason Voorhees is a fictional character from the Friday the 13th series of slasher films. He first appeared in Friday the 13th (1980) as a young child. Jason was originally played by Ari Lehman, but later the character would be played by various actors and stuntmen. The character has also been represented in numerous novels, comic books, and a cross-over film with another horror legend Freddy Krueger.
Jason was originally portrayed as a deformed, young boy, part of a hallucination by Alice, the original film's protagonist. His character role has always been that of the antagonist, with exception to the first film. He is a spree killer, noted for his elaborate murders;[citation needed] he also has the ability to regenerate.[1] His "killing-ground" is located at the run-down Camp Crystal Lake, but has been known to venture to foreign places.
In 1992, Jason was awarded the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award.
Contents |
[edit] Appearances
Although he was a minor character in the original Friday the 13th (a hallucination of Alice's), he would go on to become the main antagonist for the series. There have been only 2 times when the character has only appeared as a hallucination by the film's protagonist, Friday the 13th and Friday the 13th: A New Beginning. The silver screen is not the only place Jason has appeared; there have been literary sources that have either expanded the universe of Jason, or been merely based on him.
[edit] Friday the 13th films
Jason made his first appearance in the original Friday the 13th (1980), but it was not as the film's killer. Directed Sean S. Cunningham and written by Victor Miller, he is depicted as nothing more than a memory of Pamela's (Betsy Palmer), and a hallucination of Alice's (Adrienne King). Though the character is never truly seen, he is the subject of the plot of the film, as Pamela seeks revenge for the death of her boy which she sees as the fault of the counselors.[2]
Jason second appearance would be in the sequel to the original, simply titled Friday the 13th Part 2 (1981). Directed by Steve Miner and written by Ron Kurz, in this film, and all subsequent sequels, Jason, now fully grown, guards Crystal Lake from all intruders. Jason's drowning as a boy is retconned in this film. His first victim is Alice, the person responsible for his mother's death. Five years later, a group of teenagers come to Crystal Lake to set up a new camp, only to get murdered one by one by a masked killer. Ginny (Amy Steel), the lone survivor, finds a cabin in the woods with a shrine built around the severed head of Pamela Voorhees, and surrounded by mutilated corpses. The killer is identified as Jason Voorhees, who never drowned in the lake but survived to see his mother murdered. Ginny fights back and slams a machete through Jason's shoulder. Leaving Jason for dead, Ginny is taken away from the lake.[3]
Friday the 13th Part 3 (1982) picks up directly where Friday the 13th Part 2 leaves, only with the machete left bloodied on the floor of the cabin. Jason escapes to a nearby lake resort, Higgins Haven, to rest from his wounds. At the same time, Chris Higgins (Dana Kimmell) returns to the property with some friends. While Chris tries to gain control of her fear of past events, an unmasked and reclusive Jason kills anyone who wanders into the barn in which he is hiding. But once he finds a means to cover his deformed face, he wanders out to hunt again. Chris attempts to fend off Jason by sending an axe to his head.[4]
Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter (1984) picks up directly where Friday the 13th Part 3 ends. Jason is found by the police and taken to the morgue. Once delivered to the Wessex County morgue, Jason, not dead, kills an attendant and nurse, then makes his way back to Crystal Lake. A group of friends rent a house on Cystal Lake and become part of Jason's rampage. After killing all of the teens next door, Jason seeks out Trish and Tommy Jarvis (Corey Feldman). While distracted by Trish, Jason is attacked and killed by Tommy.[5]
His appearance in Friday the 13th: A New Beginning (1985) was short lived. Tommy Jarvis (John Shepherd) was committed to a mental hospital after the events of The Final Chapter, and has grown up constantly afraid that Jason will return. The only moments of Jason's appearance are through the hallucinations and dreams of Tommy. Jason's body was supposedly cremated after Tommy killed him. Roy Burns (Dick Wieand) uses Jason's persona to become a copycat killer at the halfway home that Tommy was moved to. This will mark the second, and to date, last time that Jason is mentioned in the film series, but he is not the murderer.[6]
Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives (1986) marks Jason's first on-screen resurrection. Tommy Jarvis (Thom Mathews), recently released from a mental institution, visits Jason's grave to cremate his body. It is revealed that Jason's body was never actually cremated, but buried in Forest Green cemetary (formerly Crystal Lake cemetary). Inadvertantly resurrecting Jason (C.J. Graham), via a lightning rod, Jason returns to Forest Green, still thinking it's Crystal Lake, to reclaim what is his. Tommy finally manages to get Jason back to the lake that supposedly caused his death as boy. Tied to the bottom of the lake with a boulder, Jason is left to die.[7]
Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood (1988) begins an undisclosed amount of time after Jason Lives. Jason (Kane Hodder) is resurrected again, this time by a telekinetic Tina Shephard (Lar Park Lincoln). Thinking she was bringing her father back from the lake where he drowned, she unknowingly awakens Jason. As with the previous sequels, Jason begins killing those that now occupy Crystal Lake. After a battle with Tina, who finally summons her father from the lake, Jason is returned to the bottom.[8]
Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan (1989) sees Jason (Kane Hodder) return from the grave, this time following a group of students on their senior class trip to Manhattan. After being charged back to life, via an underwater electrical cable, he boards the Lazarus to wreck more havoc. Upon reaching Manhattan, Jason kills the rest of the survivors, with the exception of Rennie and Sean; he chases the final two into the sewers. Caught in a flood of toxic waste, Jason's body melts away in the sewer.[9]
Jason Goes To Hell: The Final Friday (1993) marks the second time Jason was to be killed off outright. Jason (Kane Hodder), through unexplained resurrection, since returning to Crystal Lake, is being hunted by the F.B.I.. The F.B.I. set up a sting to kill Jason, which proves successful. Through possession, Jason manages to survive by passing his black heart from one being to the next. Though Jason is hardly seen throughout the film, it is learned that he has a sister and niece, and that he needs them to get his body back. After resurrecting his own body, Jason is finally killed by his niece. Dragged to Hell, it is believed that Jason is finally dead.[10]
Jason X (2002) will mark Kane Hodder's last performance as Jason. He will be the only actor to appear as Jason more than once. Jason X takes place in the future, where Jason has again been resurrected, though through unexplained means. He has been captured by a research facility and experimented on. It is determined that he has regenerative capabilities, and that cryonic suspension is the only possible solution. Jason has other plans, and he breaks out of captivity. He is caught in the cryo-chamber, but manages to slice through it, spilling the cryonics into the room freezing the only other survivor, Rowan (Lexa Doig). Four hundred and fifty-five years later, Jason's body is discovered by a salvage team. Upon thawing he proceeds to murder everyone aboard the space craft, before finally being blown into space, and landing on Earth 2.[1]
Jason's most recent apparance was in Freddy vs. Jason (2003). Freddy Krueger (Robert Englund) has grown weak, from lack of fear of him, and resurrects Jason (Ken Kirzinger), pretending to be his mother, and sends him to Springwood, Freddy's home, to cause panic and fear. Jason accomplishes this, but refuses to stop killing. A battle royal insues in both the dreamworld and Crystal Lake. The winner is left ambiguous, as Jason surfaces from the lake with Freddy's head only to have it wink at the last moment.[11]
[edit] Friday the 13th literature
Jason's first appearance in a medium outside of film would be in the 1982 novelization of Friday the 13th Part 3.[12]
It was written by Michael Avallone, based on the script for the third film. He wouldn't appear in literature again, until 1986, when Simon Hawke adapted Jason Lives into a novel.[13]
Jason Lives would introduce Elias Voorhees, who was slated to appear in the film but he was cut by the studio.[14]
In the novel, instead of being cremated, Elias has Jason buried after his death.[14]
In 1987 and 1988, Simon Hawke would adapt the first three films as well.[15][16][17]
Jason's first venture into comic books would in the 1993 comic book series Jason Goes To Hell; written by Andy Mangels, it is a direct adaptation of the original screenplay for the film of the same name.[18]
The 3 issue series was a condensed version of the film, with a few added scenes that were never shot for the movie.[18] It would not be until Satan's Six (1993), written by Tony Isabella, that Jason would make his first appearance outside of the novelizations.[19]
Even though it is only a guest appearance, it is a continuation of the events of Jason Goes To Hell.[19] In 1994, four childrens' books were released under the title of Friday the 13th.[20]
Although they did not feature Jason explicitely, they revolved around people becoming possessed by Jason once they put on his mask.[21][22][23][24]
In 1995, Nancy Collins wrote a 3 issue, non-canonical miniseries involving a crossover between Jason and Leatherface.[25]
The story centered on Crystal Lake being leveled to make way for a new office building, and Jason, after escaping the container which held the remains of Crystal Lake, meeting the Sawyer family.[25] In 2003, Jason would once again be featured in an adaptation of one of his films, this time it would be Freddy vs. Jason.[26]
In 2005, Black Flame published 10 new novels; one set was published under the Jason X title, while the second set utilized the Friday the 13th title.[27][28]
The first of the Jason X series was a direct adaptation of the Jason X film, and was then followed by 4 sequels that further expanded the storyline. The Friday the 13th novella storylines were not connected to the Jason X series; in actuality, they were not even connected to each other. The Friday the 13th novellas did not continue the stories set forth by each's predecessor, but simply furthered the character of Jason in their own way.
[edit] Characteristics
Jason's character has often been cited as a morality defender.[citation needed][citation needed][citation needed] New York Daily News said, "The ten installments of the "Friday the 13th" films can be seen as morality plays: don't have sex, drink or do drugs - or Jason will appear and punish you."[29]
Tom Savini, Jason's original special effects creator, said, "If you're a frustrated kid in the audience and you're watching Jason killing these guys on screen that are having more sex than you are with prettier girls than you have ever been with - then maybe there's pleasure in watching him kill them."[29]
For Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives, and all subsequent sequels, Jason was reborn into a "virtually indestructible" being.[14] Tom McLoughlin, the film's director, felt it was silly that Jason had previously been just another guy in a mask, who would kill people left and right, but get "beaten up and knocked down by the heroine at the end".[14] McLoughlin wanted Jason to be more of a "formidable, unstoppable monster".[14]
According to Kane Hodder, Jason might violently murder any person he comes across, but when it comes to hurting a dog he has his limits.[30]
[edit] Concept and creation
[edit] Creating a monster
Initially created by Victor Miller, Jason's final mold was actually a combined effort from Miller, Ron Kurz, and Tom Savini,[31].
It was never intended for Jason to takeover the series; he was merely a "throwaway dream sequence".[29] Originally, Jason was created as a normal child by Victor Miller, but was later made to be deformed as the crew behind the film decided he was not special enough. Tom Savini designed the makeup for Jason's visage when it was finally decided that Jason should be deformed. [32]
When interviewed, Victor Miller, was asked about the new "deformed" Jason and said, "He wasn't a deformed creature from the "Black Lagoon", but that's how movies are made. I don't think the ending would have been as good if he were a cute blonde kid who looked like Betsy Palmer at 8 years old, do you?" [33]
The name "Jason Voorhees" was actually inspired by Victor Miller's personal life. Miller created Jason's first name by combining the first names of his two sons, Ian and Josh, while "Voorhees" was inspired by a girl that Miller went to high school with.[34]
Miller recalls, "I went to high school with a girl named Van Voorhees. I was always struck by the sound of the name, because it was just a creepy-sounding name, a bit threatening."[34]
Ron Kurz confirms that Miller's version of Jason was that of a normal child, but claims that it was his idea to turn Jason into a "mongoloid creature", and have him "jump out of the lake at the end of the film."[31]
According to Tom Savini, "the whole reason for the cliffhanger at the end was I had just seen 'Carrie.' So we thought that we need a 'chair jumper' like that and I said, 'Let's bring in Jason."[29]
According to Miller, he has not seen any of the sequels, but he does have an issue with all of them because they made Jason the villain. Miller says that the best part of his screenplay was the fact that "a mother figure was the serial killer---working from a horribly twisted desire to avenge the senseless death of her son, Jason. Jason was dead from the very beginning. He was a victim, not a villain."[35]
In the original Friday the 13th, Ari Lehman portrayed Jason, seen only in a brief flashback at the surprise ending. Although he is not the only actor to portray a young Jason, Timothy Burr Mirkovich portrayed the same part in Jason Takes Manhattan, and Spencer Stump in Freddy vs. Jason, he is the first actor to ever portray the character of Jason Voorhees. The adult role of Jason Voorhees has been played by various actors; some uncredited, others taking great pride in their parts. Due to the physical demands the adult character requires, and the lack of emotional depth depicted, many of the actors have been stuntmen. Ari Lehman already knew Cunningham from Manny's Orphan's, where Lehman failed to land one of the roles. [36] For his audition, Lehman tried to be "very intense".[36]
[edit] Men behind the mask
[edit] Friday the 13th Part 2
Warrington Gillete was hired to play Jason for the first time as an adult. Gillette originally auditioned for a speaking role, but was selected for the role of Jason.[37]
Gillette recalls an uneasy feeling about playing Jason, but eventually the idea of a masked killer, and the prospect of starring in his first movie changed his opinion.[37] After difficulty with the stunts arose, Gillette was replaced by Steve Daskawisz.[37]
Because of budgetary contraints, a new wardrobe could not be acquired for Daskawisz, who had to wear Gillette's 9 1/2 size shoes on his 10 1/2 size feet.[37] Even though Jason doesn't speak, Daskawisz tried to infuse a little extra into the character by adding certain "touches" to the way he walked, or avoiding the actors he was about to shoot a scene with.[38] While Warrington Gillette is credited as Jason, the majority of the role was actually played by Steve Daskawisz, who was simply credited as the stunt double.[39]
Gillette only played the role in the unmasked scene, with Daskawisz playing the role in almost all of the scenes except the opening and unmasking shots. According to Daskawisz, "Steve Miner said, 'There's one more thing. Warrington's agent won't release us from the Jason credit, so we'll have to give you billing as Jason's stunt double.' So I go from lead role to no role. Needless to say, I was disappointed. But I said, 'What the hell?'"[40]
Daskawisz's credit was partially corrected in Friday the 13th Part 3, in which Daskewisz is credited as Jason for the reused footage from the climax of the film.[4]
[edit] Friday the 13th Part 3
Steve Minor decided that Friday the 13th Part 3 needed a "bigger and stonger-looking [Jason] than we saw in Part 2 - more athletic and powerful."[41]
Richard Brooker, a former trapeze artist, was just answering an advertisement in Dramalogue when he was hired for the part.[41] Brooker recalls that he mostly took the job because he was new to the country, and he believed that "playing a psychopathic killer seemed like the perfect entry-level job in the movie business.[41]
Steve Susskind, who played Harold, recalls his first impression of Brooker, "I couldn't believe how large and powerful-looking Richard Brooker was when I met him. Richard was a really nice guy, but he really had a creepy presence when he was in Jason mode."[42]
Brooker's portrayal of Jason is notable because he became the first actor to wear the trademark hockey mask.[41] According to Brooker, "It felt great with the mask on. It just felt like I really was Jason because I didn't have anything to wear before that."[43]
[edit] The Final Chapter
For The Final Chapter, Joseph Zito chose Ted White. White was chosen because Zito wanted "a real hardcore stuntman".[44]
White's experience on the set was not all that pleasant. White, who has states that he only took the job for the money, has acknowledged that he did "get into the Jason psychology" when he arrived on the set; White went so far as to not speak to any of the other actors for long stretches.[44]
White had to come to the aid of one of his co-stars, Judie Aronson, who played Samantha, when the director kept them naked in the lake for extended periods of time. Filming was taking place in the winter, and White demanded that director Joseph Zito bring Aronson out of the lake to warm-up, or he would quit.[44]
[edit] A New Beginning
Much like with Friday the 13th Part 2, there has been confusion over who performed the role in A New Beginning, partly due to the crediting of the killer and not Jason himself. After having the role turned down by Ted White, Dick Wieand was cast, but as Roy Burns.[45]
While Dick Wieand is credited as Roy Burns, the film's actual murderer, it was stuntman Tom Morga who performed in the few flashes of Jason, as well as portraying Roy in almost all of the masked scenes.[46]
Morga says, "When people ask if I ever really played Jason and I say, 'Yes!' When a person wants to know specifically, I say, 'It was Part V.' And they say, 'Well, that wasn't the real one.' And I say, 'Well, there was a couple of scenes where I was the real one."[46]
Wieand, while not ashamed, has been outspoken about his lack of enthusiasm over his role in the film. "I'm not ashamed of having played Jason, but I wish people would stop making such a big deal out of it,' he says. 'I really do wish that people would forget that I did that picture."[47]
According to Wieand, even the experiences wasn't that pleasant for him, "It was a strange shoot for me. The kids were in their own little camp. I spent most of my time in my trailer. There was nobody to have fun with, there was nobody to joke around with. I thought, 'Maybe it's the character and they don't want to be a part of it.' I still don't know. Nobody was friendly. And because we shot most of it in Thousand Oaks, they would have us all meet in one place, and put us all in a big truck so we would ride back and forth to and from the set. Then I remember I drove out myself for the night shoots, because they didn't even bother to pick me up after that."[48]
Morga enjoyed his time as Jason, citing how he "really go into the character, so much so that some of the actors would get scared."[45] Morga, knowing that this Jason wasn't the real Jason, and that it was just "a real guy", attempted to create movements in a way that would illustrate that.[49] Morga added a limp to his walk, remembering that this Jason wasn't not indestructible.[49] According to Morga, Danny Steinmann cast his because he liked the way Morga walked.[49]
[edit] Jason Lives
Dan Bradley was originally hired to play Jason in the sixth installment, but Paramount executives felt that Bradley did not have the right physique to play the role, and C.J. Graham was hired to replace him.[50]
Bradley can still be seen in the paintball sequence in the film.[14]
Graham auditioned at the same time as Bradley, and was dissappointed to learn that he was initially passed over. It only took a few days before Graham was called to take over Bradley's job.[50]
A nightclub manager, Graham performed almost all of his own stunts in the role, including the scene where Jason is caught of fire while battling Tommy in the lake.[51][52]
Although he was passed over for reprising the role, he has often been cited as speaking highly of his time in the part. "The role of Jason was basically dumped in my lap. But I would put on the mask in a minute if they asked me to do it again."[51]
[edit] Kane Hodder
Kane Hodder took over the role in The New Blood where he carried the role consecutively for a total of 4 films. Kane attempted to "get in touch with Jason's thirst for revenge," and try to better understand his motivation to kill.[53]
Hodder decided, after viewing the previous films, that he would approach Jason as a more "quick and agile" individual than he had seen in the previous sequels.[53] John Carl Buechler felt that Kane had "natural affinity for the role," so much that Kane's appearance, when wearing the mask, would often terrify the cast, crew, and in one incident a lone stranger that he came across on his walk back to his trailer.[53]
For his role in Jason Goes To Hell, Hodder gained 20lbs to "make Jason look even more fearsome".[54]
[edit] Freddy vs. Jason
For Freddy vs. Jason, the role went instead to Ken Kirzinger, a Canadian stuntman who worked on Jason Takes Manhattan. There has been conflicting reports over the reason behind the casting of Kirzinger. According to Director Ronny Yu, Kirzinger was hired because he was taller than the actor portraying Freddy Krueger, Robert Englund. Ken stands 6' 6" compared to the 6' 3" of Kane Hodder, and Ronny Yu wanted a much larger actor to tower over Englund who stands 5' 10". Yu also wanted someone with more "sympathetic eyes." [55]
[edit] Design
The original design for Jason, in Friday the 13th, called for lots of hair, but Savini altered the look to "have a weird-shaped head and chin."[31] Lehman recalls having to wear nothing but a jock strap, while in the lake.[56]
Lehman would personally add dirt and mud all over his body to make himself look "really slimy."[56] Savini created a plaster mold of Lehman's head, but contends that "it was a complex process to try and turn Ari into a mongoloid creature."[56]
Terry Ballard, the technical advisor for Part 3, is one of the main reasons why Jason wears a hockey mask. Ballard brought a 1950s leather hockey mask onto the set, for a practical joke, and when Steve Miner and Douglas J. White saw it they knew they had the "perfect fact for Jason, with a few alterations".[43]
Jason wearing a mask was part of the original script, but it was Ballard's idea of a joke that convinced Miner that it should be a hockey mask. According to Ballard, "we all thought it looked cool right from the beginning. The only problem was that it was too big for Richard's face so I had to take the leather mask and make an alginate copy of it along with a mold copy to make it fit."[43]
Miner and White decided to use Tom Savini's original make-up effects as an inspiration for Part 3's Jason. The process of creating this look was hard work for the make-up artist, who had to constantly make altercations to Richard Brooker's face, even up to the last day of filming.[57]
Originally meant to be a combination of the designs from Tom Savini and Carl Fullerton, make-up effects artist for Friday the 13th Part 2, it eventually began to lean more and more toward Savini's design.[57] Stan Winston created a concept design for Jason's head, but the eyes were level and White needed a droopy right eye. White did keep Winston's design for the back of the head, because the crew didn't have the time to create an entirely new head for Jason.[57]
When Tom Savini returned to make-up duties, for The Final Chapter, he expressed that he wanted to be able to bring Jason full circle in terms of his look from child to man.[58]
Make-up artist Louis Lazzara, who cites A New Beginning as almost a direct sequel to The Final Chapter, based the head-mask for Jason on Tom Savini's design.[59]
Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood saught to make Jason more of a "classic monster along the lines of Frankenstein."[60]
Since Jason had been submerged under water since the previous entry, the effects team behind The New Blood wanted him to have a more "rotted" look, with bones and ribs showing. The team wanted Jason's features to have a more defined feel to them.[60]
[edit] Destroying a monster
[edit] Reception
[edit] Popular culture
In 1992, Jason was awarded the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award[61][62]. He was the first of only three known completely fictional characters to be given the award. Godzilla, in 1996, and Chewbacca, in 1997, are the other two.[63][64]
[edit] References
- ^ a b James Isaac (Director). Jason X [DVD]. United States: New Line Cinema.
- ^ Sean S. Cunningham (Director). Friday the 13th [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Steve Miner (Director). Friday the 13th Part 2 [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ a b Steve Miner (Director). Friday the 13th Part 3 [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Joseph Zito (Director). Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Danny Steinmann (Director). Friday the 13th: A New Beginning [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Tom McLoughlin (Director). Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ John Carl Buechler (Director). Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Rob Hedden (Director). Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan [DVD]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Adam Marcus (Director). Jason Goes To Hell: The Final Friday [DVD]. United States: New Line Cinema.
- ^ Ronny Yu (Director). Freddy vs. Jason [DVD]. United States: New Line Cinema.
- ^ Avallone, Michael (1982). Friday the 13th Part 3. United Kingdom: Star. ISBN 0352312491.
- ^ Hawke, Simon (1986). Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives. New York: Signet. ISBN 0451146417.
- ^ a b c d e f Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 147. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Hawke, Simon (1987). Friday the 13th. New York: Signet. ISBN 0451150899.
- ^ Hawke, Simon (1988). Friday the 13th Part 2. New York: Signet. ISBN 0451153375.
- ^ Hawke, Simon (1988). Friday the 13th Part 3. New York: Signet. ISBN 0451153111.
- ^ a b Jason Goes To Hell comic book. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
- ^ a b Satan's Six. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 13, 2007.
- ^ Childrens' books. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 14, 2007.
- ^ Friday the 13th: Mother's Day. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 14, 2007.
- ^ Friday the 13th: Jason's Curse. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 14, 2007.
- ^ Friday the 13th: The Carnival. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 14, 2007.
- ^ Friday the 13th: Road Trip. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 14, 2007.
- ^ a b Jason vs. Leatherface comic. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 14, 2007.
- ^ Hand, Stephen (July 29, 2003). Freddy vs. Jason. Black Flame. ISBN 1844160599.
- ^ Jason X novels. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 24, 2007.
- ^ Friday the 13th novellas. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 24, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Jason Voorhees: From mama's boy to his own man. New York Daily News (2006-10-19). Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 185. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 55. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Savini's design. Fridaythe13thfilms.com. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.
- ^ Victor Miller on Jason's design. CampCrystalLake.com. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.
- ^ a b Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 50. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Friday the 13th sequels. VictorMiller.com. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
- ^ a b Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 27. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b c d Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 69-71. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 82. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Daskawisz is Jason. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 13, 2007.
- ^ Bracke, Peter (October 11, 2006). Crystal Lake Memories. United Kingdom: Titan Books, 64. ISBN 1845763432.
- ^ a b c d Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 91-92. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 94. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 100. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 113. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 131. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b Bracke, Peter (October 11, 2006). Crystal Lake Memories. United Kingdom: Titan Books, 136. ISBN 1845763432.
- ^ Wieand doesn't want to hear it. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
- ^ Bracke, Peter (October 11, 2006). Crystal Lake Memories. United Kingdom: Titan Books, 129. ISBN 1845763432.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 138. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 144. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b CJ Graham recalls playing Jason. Friday the 13th films. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 148. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 154-155. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 199. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Bracke, Peter (October 11, 2006). Crystal Lake Memories. United Kingdom: Titan Books. ISBN 1845763432.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 57. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b c Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 103. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 124. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 137. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ a b Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press, 157. ISBN 1903254310.
- ^ Jason's Lifetime Achievement Award. AOL.com. Retrieved on February 7, 2007.
- ^ Jason accepts his MTV Lifetime Achievement Award. YouTube.com. Retrieved on October 30, 2006.
- ^ Godzilla win's MTV's Lifetime Achievement Award. AOL.com. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.
- ^ Chewbacca win's MTV's Lifetime Achievement Award. AOL.com. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.
[edit] Further reading
- Bracke, Peter. Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th. United Kingdom: Titon Books, 2006. ISBN 1845763432
- Grove, David. Making Friday The 13th: The Legend Of Camp Blood. Fab Press, 2005. ISBN 1903254310
Films: Friday the 13th • Friday the 13th Part 2 • Friday the 13th Part 3 • Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter • Friday the 13th: A New Beginning • Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives • Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood • Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan • Jason Goes To Hell: The Final Friday • Jason X • Freddy vs. Jason
Major characters: Jason Voorhees • Pamela Voorhees • Tommy Jarvis • Roy Burns
Other topics: Comics • Timeline • Video Game
Iconic Horror Characters in Cinema | |
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Classic: | Creature from the Black Lagoon | Count Dracula | The Fly | Frankenstein's monster | The Invisible Man | The Mummy | Count Orlok | The Phantom | The Wolf Man |
Modern: | The Alien | Norman Bates | Chucky | Ghostface | Freddy Krueger | Leatherface | The Living Dead | Hannibal Lecter | Michael Myers | Pinhead | Jason Voorhees
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