First Judicial District of Pennsylvania
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The First Judicial District is the judicial body governing the county of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It consists of the Court of Common Pleas, the Municipal Court, and Traffic Court for the jurisdiction of Philadelphia.
Although the title of the district is assigned by the Pennsylvania Unified Court System, the court operates under the county of Philadelphia. All judges serving on the bench are elected to serve their terms by registered voters in Philadelphia, rather than appointed by the executive branch of government. The First Judicial District's respective courts preside over all state and local jurisdiction civil and criminal matters that occur within the county of Philadelphia's borders.
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[edit] Court of Common Pleas
The first of three courts of the district is the Court of Common Pleas. Lead by a President Judge, Common Pleas is further broken down into three divisions: trial, family and orphan's court division.
The trial division holds all criminal proceedings, as well as proceedings for civil matters where more than $10,000 is being challenged. The family division is discharged with resolving domestic relations and juvenile cases. The orphan's court is responsible for processing and resolving disputes of, trusts, wills, and estates. The probation and parole services for Philadelphia are under the jurisdiction of the Common Plea court.
The most severe infractions of Pennsylvania criminal law are tried in Common Pleas; however, matters of federal law are tried in a separate court house all together belonging to the United States district court for the eastern district of Pennsylvania.
The current President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas is James J. Fitzgerald III, with 92 judges sharing duties within Common Pleas.
[edit] Municipal Court
The Municipal Court is a 25 judge-strong court that has jurisdiction over criminal cases where the maximum punishment possible for an offender is less than 5 years imprisonment, as well as having jurisdiction over civil cases where less than $10,000 is disputed. The civil division also handles all landlord-tenant disputes, and certain property tax and code enforcement cases.
Appeals from the Municipal Court remain within the First Judicial District by becoming a matter of the Court of Common Pleas.
[edit] Traffic Court
The Traffic Court is responsible for adjudicating all moving violations with a motor vehicle within Philadelphia county. It has a seven-judge panel, lead by a President Judge, as well as an Administrative Judge. The court itself is a summary court, restricted to dealing with matters of violations; it cannot adjudicate misdemeanors or felonies. Recently, Philadelphia Traffic Court started a new program known as Date Certain. This program allows a police officer at the time of citation issuance to give a hearing date to the defendant. The defendant must still respond to Traffic Court within 10 days or face enforcement actions including the issuance of a warrant for their arrest.
[edit] External links
- First Judicial District
- Pennsylvania's Counties and Judicial Districts - A comprehensive list of each county in Pennsylvania, their corresponding district number, and county number
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