George Fernandes
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| Image:George Fernandes.jpg | ||
| Born | 3 June 1930 Mangalore, Karnataka |
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|---|---|---|
| Residence | Bangalore | |
| Office | MP | |
| Constituency | Muzaffarpur | |
| Political party | JD(U) | |
| Spouse | Leila Kabir | |
| Children | 1 son | |
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As of September 26, 2006 |
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George Fernandes (born 3 June 1930) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Muzaffarpur constituency of Bihar and is a member of the Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)) political party.
He is a trade union activist, former defence minister in the NDA Government (1998-2004).
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[edit] Early life
George Fernandes was born in the year 1930, in the coastal town of Mangalore, now part of Karnataka. After his formal education in Mangalore, his father sent him to seminary near Bangalore, to undergo training in priesthood. The rigours of priesthood did not suit young George and he rebelled against the authorities of the seminary. He was warned and subsequently expelled from the seminary.
[edit] Life in Mumbai
George Fernandes had to endure innumerable hardships during his stay in Mumbai. It is said that he retained his simplicity owing to the hardships he faced there. Even today, He can be found in a simple kurtha-pyjama. Nevertheless, he soon rose to prominence as a trade unionist and fought pitched battles against hotel owners, mill owners for the rights of labourers. Although this made him extremely popular among the working classes, he had to face the wrath of hotel and mill owners.
The pivotal moment that thrust Fernandes in to limelight was his decision to stand for the 1967 general elections. He was offered a party ticket by the Samyukta Socialist Party against the political heavyweight Sadashiv Kanoji Patil in Mumbai. Sadashiv Kanoji Patil or S.K.Patil as he was popularly known, was a seasoned politician, with two decades of experience behind him. Everyone expected S.K.Patil to romp home with absolute majority against George Fernandes. But to the utter surprise of political pundits, Fernandes convincingly won against S.K.Patil by garnering 48.5% of the votes polled in the election. Incidentally, the shock defeat ended S.K.Patil's political career.
[edit] The Emergency Era
The reigning Prime Minister of India, Smt. Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in June 1975. Accordingly, all rights and duties enjoined in the Indian Constitution were suspended. Political dissidents, newspaper reporters, opposition leaders who opposed emergency were jailed. George Fernandes, along with like-minded leaders, opposed this blatant misuse of power. A warrant was issued in Fernandes' name and subsequently he went underground to escape arrest and prosecution. He was once detained on charges, of smuggling dynamite to blow up government establishments in protest against the state of emergency, in what came to be known as Baroda Dynamite conspiracy case.
After the emergency was lifted, general elections were held in India. The Congress Party, led by Smt. Indira Gandhi suffered a resounding defeat at the hands of the Janata Party coalition. The Janata Party and its allies came to power, headed by Sri. Morarji Desai. George Fernandes was appointed as the Union Minister for Industries.
He contested for Loksabha from Bangalore North against C K Jaffer Sharief and lost the election. He decided to move to Bihar and made friends with Nitish Kumar. He has been winning the past few elections to the Loksabha.
A Socialist, who had always opposed BJP, He became an ally of BJP in the early 90's and has been with them.
[edit] Ministerial Tenures
[edit] First Tenure
George Fernandes' first ministerial tenure was marred by controversies and allegations. He clashed with multinationals like IBM and Coca Cola and ordered them to leave Indian shores, implementing the FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act), which had been passed under Indira Gandhi's government.
[edit] Second Tenure
George Fernandes' second tenure as Minister of Railways in the V.P. Singh's government, though shortlived, was quite eventful. He was brainchild behind the Konkan Railway project, connecting coastal Karnataka with Mumbai. The Konkan Railway reduced time travel between Udupi, Mangalore and Mumbai and facilitated easy movement of goods and services. Konkan Railway has been hailed as a technological marvel has contributed to the economic growth in coastal Karnataka.
[edit] Third Tenure
George Fernandes broke away from the erstwhile Janata Dal and formed the Samata Party in 1994. He formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party, headed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The alliance consisting of 24-parties, named as National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won a slender majority in the election. Fernandes was named as the Minister for Communications in the 13-day ministry.
Due to the collapse of the NDA Government, polls were held and NDA returned back with a slender, but manageable majority. The government barely lasted a few months, due to the non-cooperation of AIADMK leader Ms. Jayalalitha.
Whenever AIADMK Leader made roaring sound-bytes, George had to visit Poes Garden(Residence of Jayalalitha), to convince the AIADMK Leader. This earned him the reputation of "Peace-Broker".
George Fernandes was the Defence Minister and it was during this period the Kargil war over Kashmir broke out between India and Pakistan. During Winter, it is common for India & Pakistan Armies to vacate the icy-posts of Kashmir. But the Pakistani Forces oocupied the posts and threatened the patrol of Indian Forces.
India took a controversial decision of not crossing the Actual LOC (Line Of Control). The Kargil war ended with a thumping victory and international goodwill for India. But Fernandes' role and the inability of the Indian intelligence and military agencies to detect infiltration came in for criticism, both by the opposition as well as the media. However, Fernandes has refused to acknowledge the failure of intelligent agencies in detecting infiltration along Kargil sector.[1]
The K Subramanyam Commission which researched into Kargil War, backed Mr Fernandes's Claim.
[edit] Relationship with the Armed Forces
George Fernandes always shared an excellent rapport with the armed forces. He became the first Defence Minister in independent India to visit the unforgiving, treacherous, icy heights of the 6,600m Siachen glacier, "the world's highest battlefield" in Jammu and Kashmir. He subsequently visited the glacier 17 more times and took necessay steps to lessen the burden on soldiers patrolling the glaciers.
He was dragged into the infamous coffin scam and his reputation as Mr. Clean took a beating. He was also involved in skirmishes with the Navy Chief Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat over promotion of Harinder Singh, in the Indian navy. Bhagwat was subsequently sacked over the issue.
[edit] Controversies
Controversies have dogged George Fernandes ever since he entered politics. During emergency he was implicated in the infamous Baroda Dynamite Case. As a Minister for Industries, he ordered IBM and Coca Cola to pack their bags. His tenure as a Defence Minister was a controversial one. A staunch supporter of nuclear non-proliferation, George Fernandes did a volte-face and openly endorsed the NDA Government's decision to test nuclear and hydrogen bombs in Pokharan, Rajasthan. He openly branded China as India's enemy No. 1 and criticised Chinese policy of providing sophisticated weapons to Pakistan. His remarks against China were seen as unwarranted by most political observers as it heightened the tension between the two mutually mistrusting neighbours. He also has rapped the Chinese for strengthening their military across the Himalayas in Tibet and also consistently supported the cause of Tibetan people against Chinese occupation.[2]
George Fernandes also claimed that he was strip-searched twice at Dulles airport when he was defence minister -- once on an official visit to Washington in early 2002 and another time while enroute to Brazil in mid 2003.[3] The details of the strip-search were mentioned in senior US diplomat Strobe Talbott's book. However the US embassy denied that George Fernandes was strip-searched in US airports.[4] US state department official, Richard Armitage personally apologised to George Fernandes over the incident.[5]
[edit] Support to Secessionist Groups
George Fernandes has openly supported and endorsed secessionist movements and groups, irrespective of whether he was a Union Minister or a member of the Opposition. Notable among the secessionist groups supported by him include The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealam (now designated as a terrorist group), the Tibetan refugees, fighting for freedom against China and the Burmese students group, fighting against the military regime in Myanmar.
[edit] Tehelka Scandal
George Fernandes' name figured prominently in the infamous Tehelka scandal in which a group of reporters, armed with hidden cameras, from the investigative journal, Tehelka, posing as representatives of a fictitious arms company, bribed the Bharatiya Janata Party President, Bangaru Laxman, a defence officer and Jaya Jaitley, General Secretary of Samata Party and a close confidante of George Fernandes.
The scandal caused uproar all over India and Fernandes was forced to resign from his post as a Defence Minister. He was subsequently cleared by the one man commission headed by retired Justice Phukan. The Phukan Committee Report was rejected by the UPA Government headed by the Congress and a new committee headed by Justice K Venkataswami was appointed. The Committee, after lengthy investigation, absolved Fernandes in the case.
[edit] Barak Anti-Missile Scam
George Fernandes is also accused of taking kickbacks in the Barak Anti-Missile Deals during the tenure in which he was the Defence minister of the country. The Central Bureau of Investigation is investigating the deal. There has been some talk in the media that George's socialist comrades have deserted him in this needy hour.[6]
[edit] Books Written
Though not a prolific writer, George Fernandes has penned couple of books on politics including books like "What Ails the Socialists", "Railway Strike of 1974" and his autobiography titled "George Fernandes." He is also the editor of an English monthly, "The Other side" and the Chairman on the editorial board of a Hindi monthly "Pratipaksh."
[edit] Current Scenario
The NDA Government lost power to the Congress-led UPA last year. Since then, Fernandes has not been in the media limelight and makes sporadic appearances in television. His detractors allege that Fernandes is locked in a bitter anti-party rivalry with his one-time friend, Bihar Chief Minister, Nitish Kumar over the leadership of the Samatha Party.
On October 10 2006 CBI named George Fernandes in arms scandal, the Central Bureau of Investigation has registered a first information report against former defence minister George Fernandes, his associate Jaya Jaitley, accused of receiving a bribe of Rs 2 crore, and former navy chief Admiral Sushil Kumar for alleged irregularities in purchasing the Barak missile system from Israel in 2000.
George Fernandes, however, claimed that the scientific adviser to the Defence Minister in NDA Government, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam had cleared the missile deal [2]. Incidentally, the Barak Missile Deal was one among the 48 cases referred by the defence ministry to the CBI in 2004 and 2005 on suspected irregularities commissions paid to middlemen [3].
[edit] Trivia
George Fernandes is a man of immense integrity and self-respect. However, he revealed that during his visit to USA as a defence minister, he had to undergo rigorous Security-Check, which needed him to remove his Shirt. He was widely criticized as having "Rolled, when having to Bend".
In the initial days of becoming Defence Minister, he gave a press-statement saying "China is India's Enemy No 1". he came under severe criticism for this statement.
He is married to Leila Kabir, the daughter of Dr Humayun Kabir, a Cabinet Minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet
[edit] External links
- Biography and pictures
- Article on 1967 election
- TimeAsia article
- Complete coverage of the Tehelka scandal
- Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website
[edit] References
- ^ Fernandes again denies intelligence failure, July 18, 1999
- ^ China And India's Mutual Distrust
- ^ Strip-search incident: Armitage apologises Rediff.com, July 14, 2004
- ^ US apologises over body search, BBC.co.uk, 14 July, 2004
- ^ [1], ???
- ^ George Running Out Of Friends - CNN IBN
