Herodian Dynasty
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The Herodian Dynasty was a dynasty of rulers (some claim they were Jewish[citation needed]) of Iudaea Province between 37 BC - 92.
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[edit] Origin
During the time of the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus Judea has conquered Edom and forces the Edomites to convert into Judaism.
The Edomites were integrate into the Jewish people. in the days of Alexander Jannaeus one of them, Antipas was appointed governor of Edom.
His son Antipater was the head adviser of Hyrcanus II and manage to establish good relationship with the Romans, who at the time (63 BC) conquered Judea.
Julius Caesar appointed Antipater to the procurator of Judea in 47 BC and he appointed his sons Phasael and Herod the Governors of Jerusalem and Galilee respectively.
Antipater was murdered in 43 BC, however his sons manage to hold the reins of powers and were elevated to the rank of Tetrarchs in 41 BC by Mark Anthony.
[edit] Rise to power
In 40 BC the Parthians invaded the Roman eastern provinces and managed to expel the Romans. at Judea the Hasmoneas dynasty was restored under king Antigonus.
Herod the Great, who was the son of Antipater the Idumean and Cypros, a Nabataean princess, managed to escape to Rome. There he was elected "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate[1]. However Herod did not fully conquer Judea until 37 BC. He ruled for 34 years.
Herod rule Judea until 4 BC, in his death his kingdom was divided between his three sons.
Herod Archelaus was given the main part of Judea, Edom and Samaria, he rule for ten years until he was exiled to Galia in 6 AD when the Roman Iudaea Province was formally created, see also Census of Quirinius.
Herod Philip I was gien the rule of the northeast part of his father's kingdom, he ruled it until his death in 34.
Herod Antipas, son of Malthace the Samaritan, was given the rule of the Galilee and Perea, he ruled it until he was exiled to Spain by emperor Caligula in 39.
Agrippa I was the grandson of Herod, thanks to his friendship with emperor Caligula he was appointed by him as King in the territories of Herod Philip after his death and in 39 he was given the territories of Herod Antipas. in 41 emperor Claudius added to his rule the parts of Herod Archelaus, thus Agrippa united his grandfather kingdom under his rule. he died in 44.
His son Agrippa II was appointed King of the northern parts of his father kingdom. he was the last of the Herodians and with his death in 92 the dynasty was extinct.
In addition some members of the Herodian dynasty were rulers of Chalcis and Armenia.
[edit] References
- ^ Jewish War 1.14.4: Mark Antony " …then resolved to get him made king of the Jews… told them that it was for their advantage in the Parthian war that Herod should be king; so they all gave their votes for it. And when the senate was separated, Antony and Caesar went out, with Herod between them; while the consul and the rest of the magistrates went before them, in order to offer sacrifices [to the Roman gods], and to lay the decree in the Capitol. Antony also made a feast for Herod on the first day of his reign."
