Independent State of Montenegro
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Client state of the Axis powers |
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| Capital | Cetinje |
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| Language(s) | Serbian | |||
| Political structure | Client state | |||
| President | ||||
| - 1941 | Serafino Mazzolini | |||
| - 1941 - 1943 | Alessandro Pirzio Biroli | |||
| - 1943 | Curio Barbasetti di Prun | |||
| - 1943 - 1944 | Theodor Geib | |||
| - 1944 | Wilhelm Keiper | |||
| Historical era | World War II | |||
| - Invasion of Yugoslavia | 1941 | |||
| - Disestablished | 1944 | |||
| Currency | Italian lira | |||
Montenegro existed as a separate occuppied territory during World War II under the Kingdom of Italy (1941 - 1943) and later under Nazi Germany (1943 - 1944).
[edit] History
After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany on April 6, 1941 and subsequent Royal Yugoslav Army surrender on April 17, 1941, Sekula Drljević, leader of the Montenegrin Federalists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, established the Provisional Administrative Committee of Montenegro, which operated as the collaborationist organ of the Fascist Italy. On July 12, 1941, its rule was inauagurated, but the country immediately broke into an all out civil war as initially Yugoslav Partisans and Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland (Chetniks) on one side fought against Montenegrin Federalists and Axis forces on the other, but as the World War II progressed, the conflict within Montenegro became extremely chaotic and vicious as virtually every combination of alliances were made and broken between the warring sides and factions. In regards to the nation's borders, much of the Sandžak region was included in the Independent State of Montenegro that essentially existed only on paper as most of its proclaimed territory was never actually controlled by its proclaimed government.
Among the Montenegrin federalists, Krsto Zrnov Popović returned from exile in Italy to attempt to lead the Greens (Zelenaši) who supported the reinstatement of the Montenegrin monarchy. These forces were called the Lovćen brigade. Also active within Montenegro were the 2nd Serbian Volunteer Corps.
By October of 1941, Drljević was exiled from Montenegro. He eventually formed the Montenegrin State Council from the Independent State of Croatia in 1944, which attempted to act as a government in exile. The Montenegrin People's Army was later forcedly formed by Ante Pavelić and Drljević out of defeated Pavle Đurišić-led Chetnik forces.
[edit] Governors
- Mihajlo Ivanović (nominal) (17 May 1941 - 23 July 1941)
- Serafino Mazzolini (19 April 1941 - 23 July 1941)
- Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (23 July 1941 - 13 July 1943)
- Curio Barbasetti di Prun (13 July 1943 - 10 September 1943)
- Theodor Geib (10 September 1943 - 1 June 1944)
- Wilhelm Keiper (1 June 1944 - 15 December 1944)
[edit] External links
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