Joaquín Rodrigo
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Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre (22 November 1901 – 6 July 1999) was a Spanish composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. In spite of being blind from an early age, he achieved great success. Rodrigo is, along with Ferdinando Carulli, one of the people most responsible for popularizing classical guitar music.
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[edit] Life
He was born in Sagunto, Valencia, and lost his sight almost completely at the age of three after contracting diphtheria. He began to study piano and violin at the age of eight, but despite being best known for his guitar music, he never mastered the instrument himself.
Rodrigo studied music under Francisco Antich in Valencia and under Paul Dukas in Paris. After briefly returning to Spain, he went to Paris again to study musicology, first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under André Pirro. In 1925 he received Spain's National Prize for Orchestra for Cinco piezas infantiles [Five Children's Pieces]. From 1947 Rodrigo was a professor of music history, holding the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, at Complutense University of Madrid.
His most famous work, Concierto de Aranjuez, was composed in 1939 in Paris. It is a concerto for solo classical guitar and orchestra. The central adagio movement is one of the most recognizable in 20th century classical music, featuring the interplay of guitar with English horn.
The success of this concerto led to commissions from a number of prominent soloists, including the flautist James Galway and the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber with his Cello Concerto. In 1954 Rodrigo composed Fantasía para un gentilhombre at the request of Andrés Segovia. His Concierto Andaluz, for four guitars and orchestra, was commissioned by Celedonio Romero for himself and his three sons.
In 1991, Rodrigo was raised to the nobility by King Juan Carlos; he was given the title Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez [Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez]. He received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award—Spain's highest civilian honor—in 1996. He was named Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 1998.
He married Victoria Kamhi, a Turkish-born pianist, on 19 January 1933, in Valencia. Their daughter, Cecilia, was born 27 January 1941. Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97. Joaquín Rodrigo and his wife Victoria are buried at the cemetery at Aranjuez.
[edit] Works
[edit] Orchestral
- Symphonic Wind Ensemble
- Adagio Para Orquesta de Instrumentos de Viento - First public performance in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1966
- Orchestra
- Soleriana- First performance by the Berlin Philharmonic, on August 22nd, 1953 in Berlin.
[edit] Concertante
- Piano
- Juglares (1923); first public performance: 1924, Valencia
- Concierto heroico (1943)
- Cello
- Concierto en modo galante (1949)
- Concierto como un divertimento (1978–1981)
- Guitar
- Concierto de Aranjuez (1939)
- Concierto Andaluz (1967)
- Concierto para una fiesta (1982)
- Fantasía para un gentilhombre (1954)
- Concierto heroico (1942) — National Music Prize
- Concierto madrigal (1968)
- Concierto de estío (1944), for violin and orchestra
- Concierto pastoral (1978), for flute and orchestra
- Concierto serenata (1954), for harp and orchestra
[edit] Instrumental
- Guitar
- Invocación y danza (1961) — First prize, Coupe International de Guitare, awarded by Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (ORTF)
- Elogio de la guitarra (1971)
[edit] Vocal/Choral
- Per la flor del Lliri Blau (1934); First prize, Círculo de Bellas Artes
- Ausencias de Dulcinea (1948); First prize, Cervantes Competition
- Tres viejos aires de danza (1994)
- Villancicos y canciones de navidad (1952); Ateneo de Madrid Prize
[edit] References
- Donis, José Antonio (2005). "The Musicologist Behind the Composer: The Impact of Historical Studies Upon the Creative Life in Joaquín Rodrigo's Guitar Compositions". M. Mus. thesis. Florida State University. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
- Kamhi de Rodrigo, Victoria; translated by Ellen Wilkerson (1992). Hand in Hand With Joaquín Rodrigo: My Life at the Maestro's Side. Pittsburgh: Latin American Literary Review Press. ISBN 093548051X.
