Lip plate

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A woman from the Sara tribe with two large lip plates.

Lip plates, also known as lip plugs or lip discs, are a form of body modification where gradually larger discs (usually circular, and made from clay or wood) are inserted into a pierced hole in the lower lip, thereby stretching it. The term labret (pronounced "LAY-brett") denotes all kinds of pierced-lip ornaments, including plates and plugs.

In Africa, a lower lip plate is usually combined with the excision of the two lower front teeth, sometimes all four. In some cases (Sara, Lobi) a plate is also inserted into the upper lip. Other tribes, such as the Makonde, wear a plate in the upper lip only. In many older sources it is reported that the plate's size is a sign of social or economical importance in some tribes. However, because of natural mechanical attributes of human skin, it seems that the plate's size often just depends on the stage of stretching of the lip.

Among the Surma and Mursi people of the lower Omo River valley in Ethiopia, about six months to a year prior to marriage the woman's lip is pierced by her kinswomen, usually around the age of 15-16.^{[citation needed]}

These days, it appears that Mursi girls of age 13 to 16 just decide for themselves whether they want to get lip plates or not. The initial piercing is done as an incision of the lower lip of about 2 cm length, and a simple wooden peg is inserted. After the wound has healed, which usually takes 2 or 3 weeks, the peg is replaced with a slightly bigger one. At a diameter of about 4 cm the first lip plate made of clay is inserted. Every woman crafts her plate by herself and takes pride in including some ornamentation. A final diameter of about 10 to 15 cm seems common, although sizes of up to 25 cm are reported and can be seen on recent tourist photographs^[1] ^[2]. Many recent sources ^[3] claim that, for Mursi and Surma women, the size of their lip plate indicates the number of cattle paid as bride price.

In some Amazonian tribes, young men traditionally have their lips pierced when they enter the men's house and leave the world of women ^[4] ^[5]. Lip plates there have important associations with oratory and singing, and the largest plates are worn by the greatest orators and war-chiefs, like the well-known environmental campaigner Raoni^[6] of the Kayapo tribe.

In the Pacific Northwest of North America, among the Haida, Tsimshian, and Tlingit, lip plates symbolised social maturity by indicating a girl's eligibility to be a wife. The installation of a girl's first plate was celebrated with a sumptuous feast.^[7]

Tribes that are known for their traditional lip plates include:

The Mursi women of Ethiopia
The Surma (aka Suri) women of Ethiopia
The Suyá men of Brazil (most no longer wear plates)
The Sara women of Chad (ceased wearing plates several decades ago)
The Makonde of Tanzania and Mozambique (ceased wearing plates several decades ago)
The Botocudo of coastal Brazil (in earlier centuries, both sexes)

The South American lip plates are nearly always made from light wood.

Some tribes (Zo'e in Brazil, Nuba in Sudan, Lobi in west Africa), wear stretched-lip ornaments that are plug- or rod-shaped rather than plate-shaped.

In the West, some people, such as members of the Modern Primitive movement, have adopted larger-gauge lip piercings, some of which are worn like lip plates.

[edit] External links

[edit] References

^ http://www.photographersdirect.com/stockimages/l/lip_plate.asp
^ David Turton: "Lip-plates and 'the people who take photographs': uneasy encounters between Mursi and tourists in southern Ethiopia," Anthropology Today 20(3) pp 3-8, 2004.
^ Carol Beckworth and Angela Carter: "African Ark", page 251. Collins Harvill 1990.
^ http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/epienglish/suya/orn.shtm
^ Anthony Seeger: "The meaning of body ornaments: a Suya example," Ethnology 14(3) pp 211-224, 1975.
^ http://gertonline.free.fr/Raoni
^ Aldona Jonaitis: "Women, Marriage, Mouths and Feasting: the symbolism of Tlingit labrets", pp 191-205 of Arnold Rubin (ed): "Marks of Civilization". Museum of Cultural History, UCLA, 1988.