Naidu
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Naidu or Nayudu or Naidoo is a common title used by various social groups of Andhra Pradesh. It is a derivative of the Telugu word Nayakudu. It is the title used by Telugu groups such as Kapu and its Sub Castes like Telaga and Balija.And is widely used in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Orissa.
Other Communities like Kamma and some Native Tamil Communities use the title Naicker.Naicker is the Tamil word for Naidu widely used in South Tamil Nadu.
[edit] Origins
It is a title denoting a village or Lineage headman or Commander or Governor and was granted by Kings for those who were responsible for collecting taxes and maintaining order. As such eventually in Modern times it was inherited as a title by many although they no longer were either collecting taxes or were in any in leadership positions in villages. It is a Telugu derivation of the Sanskrit title for a head of a band of soldiers known as Nayaka the protector.
Nayaka as an origin can be traced out to the Western Chalukyan Expansion into Andhra Country rule during the 7th Century Naidu title in the Medieval times was associated with primarily with communities such as Kapu / Balija / Telaga initially and later Velamas and Kammas who served as Commanders under various Andhra Dynasities like Chalukya, Kakatiya and Vijayanagar. During the expansion of Vijayanagar Kingdom into Southern India it was conferred to other non-Telugu Speaking communities who served as Commanders or Barons or Governors under the Vijayanagar Emperors in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Hence the widespread usage of Naidu among lots of Non Telugu Speaking Communities in States like Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Orissa can be noted.
[edit] Title usage
The word Naik (Nayaka, a leader or chief) is used by the older writers in southern India in several senses, of which the following example given by Yule and Burnell may be cited:
- Native captain or headman
- Title of honor among Hindus in the Deccan. "The kings of deccan also have a custom when they will honor a man or recompence their service done, and raise him to dignity and honor. They give him the title of Nayak." -Linschoten
- The general name of the Kings of Vijayanagar.
- Naik, Naickan, Naicker, Nayak or Nayakkan has been used by the Tamil Pallis, Vanniars, Irulas, Vedans, and also by various Kanada castes:
[edit] Telugu
According to Edgar Thurston (Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. 5 pg. 138) Naidu or Nayudu is a title used by many Telugu castes.( In Alphabetical Order)
- Balija
- Gavara
- Kalingi
- Kamma
- Kapu
- Mudiraju
- Telaga
- Velama
[edit] Tulu
- Mogers in some parts of South Canara prefer the title Naiker to the ordinary caste title of Marakaleru.
- Some Bunts have the same title.
- The headman amongst the Lambadis is called Naik.
- Naicker also occurs as a hereditary title in some Brahman families.
- Naik, Naiko or Nayako appears as the title of various Oriya classes.
[edit] Tamil Nadu
In Tamil Nadu Naidu title is used only by people of Telugu origins, whereas Tamil speaking communities in Arcot dirstrct use Naicker title with both the titles carrying the same meaning.
[edit] Chennai
Naidus in Chennai are prominently Balija Naidus or Kapu Naidus and Kammas.
[edit] Coimbatore
The most predominant section of communities that use Naidu are Balijas and Kammas in Coimbatore District. Balija Naidus (Gavara/Gajula)Kamma in southern Districts use Naicker title,while the title(Naicker) is also used by other Telugu speaking communities in those districts.
[edit] Naicker Title
There are also Kavarai Naidus( Gavara Balija Naidus) scattered in Tamil Nadu. Gajula Balija Naidus(Valaiyal Chettis in Tamil)are major branch of Gavara Balija Naidus.According to Thurston Madura,Thanjavur Nayaka dynasties and VijayaNagar dynasties belong to Balija Naidu caste. Telugu Communities like Balija and Kamma in Southern districts like (Dindigul, Karur, Madurai)and uptil Tirunelveli also use Naicker title. Communities like Kambala and Thottiar also use the title Naicker.Munnuru Kapus of Andhra pradesh are migrated Balija Naidus from Tamilnadu.
[edit] Usage abroad
It is used as a surname in South Africa where a variant spelling Naidoo is used amongst its Tamil citizens. The usage does not denote Telugu ancestry any longer as intermarriage has diluted such identities. In Sri Lanka it is used amongst the Indian origin Hill Country Tamils and in Mauritius it is a surname of Tamil populations. In Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana it is a surname of the broader Indian diaspora and has lost its South Indian origins completely. InMalaysia it is used by Telugus to denote their Telugu ancestry.
[edit] Prominent persons
 Approximate extent of the Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom, circa 1572 CE. |
|
| Official language | Tamil, Telugu |
| Capital | Thanjavur |
| Government | Governors then Monarchy |
| Preceding state of Thanjavur Nayaks | Chola Empire, Vijayanagara Empire |
| Succeeding states of Thanjavur Nayaks | Thanjavur Marathas, British India |
Thanjavur Nayaks were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the 16th to the 19th century C.E. Nayakas were subordinates of the imperial Vijayanagara emperors, and were appointed as provincial governors by the Vijaya Nagar Emperor. As the power of the Vijayanagar empire waned, they grew powerful and established independent authority in the areas they governed. Madurai and Gingee had their own Nayak rulers. The Thanjavur Nayak rule was established in the reign of Vijayanagar emperor Achyuta Deva Raya (1530 – 1542 C.E.) around 1532 C.E. Chinna Sevvappa was the first ruler of the Thanjavur Nayak. Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and the arts.Tanjavur kings belonged to Balija caste (Kapu,Telaga)and had matrimonial alliances with Vijayanagar and Madura dynasties.According to Thurston's "Castes and Tribes of Southern India" and Kante Narayana Desai's "Balija kulacharitra" kings of these three dynasties belonged to Balija Naidu caste and maintained matrimonial alliances. They were Kota(Fort) Balijas.Accordingly Madura king Garikepati Thirumala Naidu was married to one of the members of Thanjavur king Alluri Sevappa Naidu. Tanjavur king Alluri Sevappa Naidu was married to Murthimamba,own sister of queen Thirumalamba,the wife of emperor Achyuthadevarayulu (half brother of emperor Sreekrishna Devarayalu )of Vijayanagar dynasty.
[edit] Origins of Nayak rule
With the demise of the Chola dynasty in 1279, Thanjavur was ruled by various small chieftains, until the Vijayanagara Empire conquered all of south India by the late 14th century. The Vijayanagar rulers installed viceroys to rule over various parts of the empire. In 1535 CE, Achyuta Deva Raya, the brother and successor of Krishna Deva Raya) of Vijayanagar granted Chevappa Nayak, the governor of Thanjavur, permission to establish a feudatory kingdom.
[edit] Nayak kings
[edit] Cevvappa Nayak
Alluri Cevvappa Nayak (1535-1590) , was the first Thanjavur Nayak king. He was the son of Timmappa Nayak, a Vijayanagara viceroy in the Arcot region. His wife Murtimamba was a sister of the Vijayanagara Queen Thirumalamba, Some sources suggest that he acquired the Thanjavur Kingdom as a part of the marriage alliance, while other sources point out that Ceyyappa was a betel bearer to Achyuta Deva Raya.
[edit] Achuthappa Nayak
Achuthappa Nayak (1564-1612), named in memory of Achyuta Deva Raya, led peaceful reign of 48 years. Up till Achuthappa Nayak 1590 co- ruled with his father under the Yuvaraja title while immediately after that he was joined by his heir-son Raghunatha Nayak. He was said to be deeply religious and was well considered a master in the art of warfare. His minister was Govinda Diksita, a great scholar and a shrewd administrator. His long reign was of comparative peace apart from the internal struggles enabling him to contribute much to spiritual and public utility development.
[edit] Conflicts and Wars
[edit] Wars with Madurai
During Achuthappa's reign, the Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by the Deccan Sultanates armies at the battle of Talikota. Later when the Vijaynagara rulers re-established their capital in Chandragiri and Vellore under Sriranga Rayas, Achuthappa Nayak continued his loyalty while Gingee and Madurai Nayaks intended to break free by refusing to pay tribute. This would also lead to bitter animosity between the Madurai Nayaks and the Tanjore Nayaks ultimately leading to the Battle at Vallamprakara where the Tanjore army with the Rayas fought against Veerappa Nayak of Madurai by defeating the later. Same time when the Rayas of Chandragiri were waging wars with the Deccan Sultanates in southern Andhra Pradesh Achuthappa Nayak provided support.
[edit] Wars with Portugal
Portugal controlled the Nagapattinam territory as well as the Colombo province in Ceylon and the entire West Coast of India. The King of Jaffna went into a war against Portugal against the methods adopted by the missionary conversions in Jaffna. Later King of Jaffna sought help from the Tanjore Nayaks in repelling Portuguese advances through many battles.
[edit] Public Contributions
Achuthappa Nayak was deeply religious from his young days and the fertile nature of his country helped him make large contributions in gifts and infrastructure to major Temples and also important irrigation systems. The main benefactor was the Srirangam Temple. His assistant and advisor was his minister Govinda Diksita.
[edit] Srirangam Temple
The Srirangam Temple towers (Gopurams) of the North and West and the eighth Prakara (temple Wall Street) and several Halls (Mandapam) inside the Temple complex were built by him. The Golden Vimana of the inner most shrines (Temple Flag) and the image of God studded with Crown jewels was presented by Achuthappa Nayak.
[edit] Other Temples
His other major contributions include the Pushyamantapas (Halls) with steps leading to river Cauvery in Mayavaram, Tiruvidaimarudur, Tiruvadi and Kumbakonam and Golden Kalasas of Tiruvannamalai Temple Gopurams (Towers) some of the Gopurams in Rameswaram. Several temples in Arcot and Tanjore regions namely Temples in Tiruvidaimarudur and Chidambaram received Villages as grants.
[edit] Irrigation
His one remarkable contribution is the construction of a dam across Cauvery near Tiruvadi leading to efficient irrigation in its vicinity.
[edit] Housing
Numerous Agraharas (Housing for Brahmins) in Tanjore country were built in his period.
[edit] Final years
During his last days the Rayas now ruling from Chandragiri and Vellore had rival claimants within the family to the title and were heading for a war with the other Nayak kings taking sides for their vested interests.
[edit] Raghunatha Nayak
Ragunatha Nayak (1612-1634) is regarded as the greatest in the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty. He is famous for his patronage of literature other scholarly research. One of his wives, Ramabhadrama was highly educated and a gifted poet. During his time he granted military assistance to the Chandragiri ruler Venkatagiri to recover most of his lost areas from the Golconda forces. In 1620 Raghunatha Nayak permitted a Dutch settlement at Tarangambadi. This encouraged the English to seek trade with the Thanjavur Nayaks.
Raghnatha was a gifted scholar in both Sanskrit and Telugu language, as well as a talented musician. His court was distinguished for its assembly of poets and scholars. Ragunatha is credited with writing several books on music and Telugu literature. Maduravani and Ramabhadramba were two famous poetesses in his court, while Sudhindra and Raghavendra were two famous Madhva gurus patronised by him. Govinda Dikshita's son Yajnanarayana has written an account on Raghunatha's rule in his work Sahitya Ratnakara.
It was during Raghunatha's reign that a palace library was established. Sarasvati Bhandar, where manuscripts of Raghunatha’s prolific court scholars were collected and preserved. This library was to be developed and enriched later by Rajah Serfoji II into the current famous Saraswati Mahal Library.
[edit] Vijaya Raghava Nayak
Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1645-1673), was the last of the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur. His long reign witnessed a large amount of literary output both in music and Telugu literature. Vijayaraghava’s court had a number of poets and literary scholars. Vijayaraghava Nayaka wrote more than thirty books in Telugu. His long reign sadly came to an abrupt end by the Chokkanatha Nayak of Madurai.
[edit] End of Nayak rule
for additional details see Chokkanatha Nayak
The end of the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty was brought on by Chokkanatha Nayak, the Nayak of Madurai. The dispute was due to the refusal of Vijaya Ragava to give his daughter in marriage to Chokkanatha Nayak. Chokkantha determined to fetch the maiden by force back into their capital, successfully stormed the Thanjavur palace in 1673 after flattening much of the fort walls by cannons. But Chokkanatha was thwarted in his attempts by Vijaya Ragava, when he, in a gruesome act of defiance, blew up his daughter and all the other ladies of the palace. He then charged at the attacking army with his son and his body-guard. He was captured after a brief fight, and was beheaded by the Madurai General Venkata Krishnappa.
[edit] Maratha conquest
Chokkanatha placed his brother Alagiri on the throne of Thanjavur, but within a year the latter threw off his allegiance, and Chokkanatha was forced to recognise the independence of Thanjavur. A son of Vijaya Raghava induced the Bijapur Sultan to help his get back the Thanjavur throne. In 1675, the Sultan of Bijapur sent a force commanded by the Maratha general Venkaji (alias Ekoji) to drive away the Madurai usurper. Venkaji defeated Alagiri with ease, and occupied Thanjavur. He did not, however, place his protege on the throne as instructed by the Bijapur Sultan, but seized the kingdom and made himself king. Thus ended the reign of Nayaks and the start of Maratha power in Thanjavur.
[edit] References
- Nagaswamy, R Tamil Coins- a study, (1970), State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu
- http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/Thanjavur/Thanjavur_Nayaks/thanjavur_nayaks.html
[edit] Bibliography
- Vriddhagirisan V,Nayaks of Tanjore ,ISBN : 8120609964,Reprint Annamalainagar 1942 edn.) 1995
- Rao, Velcheru Narayana, and David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamilnadu (Delhi ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998) ; xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 22 cm. ; Oxford India paperbacks ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; ISBN 0-19-564399-2.
- Sathianathaier, R. History of the Nayaks of Madura [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar ; edited for the University, with introduction and notes by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924) ; see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924) ; xvi, 403 p. ; 21 cm. ; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
- Vriddhagirisan V,Nayaks of Tanjore ,ISBN : 8120609964,Reprint Annamalainagar 1942 edn.) 1995
s]]
Approximate extent of the Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom, circa 1572 CE. |
|
| Official language | Tamil, Telugu |
| Capital | Thanjavur |
| Government | Governors then Monarchy |
| Preceding state of Thanjavur Nayaks | Chola Empire, Vijayanagara Empire |
| Succeeding states of Thanjavur Nayaks | Thanjavur Marathas, British India |
Thanjavur Nayaks were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the 16th to the 19th century C.E. Nayakas were subordinates of the imperial Vijayanagara emperors, and were appointed as provincial governors by the Vijaya Nagar Emperor. As the power of the Vijayanagar empire waned, they grew powerful and established independent authority in the areas they governed. Madurai and Gingee had their own Nayak rulers. The Thanjavur Nayak rule was established in the reign of Vijayanagar emperor Achyuta Deva Raya (1530 – 1542 C.E.) around 1532 C.E. Chinna Sevvappa was the first ruler of the Thanjavur Nayak. Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and the arts.Tanjavur kings belonged to Balija caste (Kapu,Telaga)and had matrimonial alliances with Vijayanagar and Madura dynasties.According to Thurston's "Castes and Tribes of Southern India" and Kante Narayana Desai's "Balija kulacharitra" kings of these three dynasties belonged to Balija Naidu caste and maintained matrimonial alliances. They were Kota(Fort) Balijas.Accordingly Madura king Garikepati Thirumala Naidu was married to one of the members of Thanjavur king Alluri Sevappa Naidu. Tanjavur king Alluri Sevappa Naidu was married to Murthimamba,own sister of queen Thirumalamba,the wife of emperor Achyuthadevarayulu (half brother of emperor Sreekrishna Devarayalu )of Vijayanagar dynasty.
[edit] Origins of Nayak rule
With the demise of the Chola dynasty in 1279, Thanjavur was ruled by various small chieftains, until the Vijayanagara Empire conquered all of south India by the late 14th century. The Vijayanagar rulers installed viceroys to rule over various parts of the empire. In 1535 CE, Achyuta Deva Raya, the brother and successor of Krishna Deva Raya) of Vijayanagar granted Chevappa Nayak, the governor of Thanjavur, permission to establish a feudatory kingdom.
[edit] Nayak kings
[edit] Cevvappa Nayak
Alluri Cevvappa Nayak (1535-1590) , was the first Thanjavur Nayak king. He was the son of Timmappa Nayak, a Vijayanagara viceroy in the Arcot region. His wife Murtimamba was a sister of the Vijayanagara Queen Thirumalamba, Some sources suggest that he acquired the Thanjavur Kingdom as a part of the marriage alliance, while other sources point out that Ceyyappa was a betel bearer to Achyuta Deva Raya.
[edit] Achuthappa Nayak
Achuthappa Nayak (1564-1612), named in memory of Achyuta Deva Raya, led peaceful reign of 48 years. Up till Achuthappa Nayak 1590 co- ruled with his father under the Yuvaraja title while immediately after that he was joined by his heir-son Raghunatha Nayak. He was said to be deeply religious and was well considered a master in the art of warfare. His minister was Govinda Diksita, a great scholar and a shrewd administrator. His long reign was of comparative peace apart from the internal struggles enabling him to contribute much to spiritual and public utility development.
[edit] Conflicts and Wars
[edit] Wars with Madurai
During Achuthappa's reign, the Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by the Deccan Sultanates armies at the battle of Talikota. Later when the Vijaynagara rulers re-established their capital in Chandragiri and Vellore under Sriranga Rayas, Achuthappa Nayak continued his loyalty while Gingee and Madurai Nayaks intended to break free by refusing to pay tribute. This would also lead to bitter animosity between the Madurai Nayaks and the Tanjore Nayaks ultimately leading to the Battle at Vallamprakara where the Tanjore army with the Rayas fought against Veerappa Nayak of Madurai by defeating the later. Same time when the Rayas of Chandragiri were waging wars with the Deccan Sultanates in southern Andhra Pradesh Achuthappa Nayak provided support.
[edit] Wars with Portugal
Portugal controlled the Nagapattinam territory as well as the Colombo province in Ceylon and the entire West Coast of India. The King of Jaffna went into a war against Portugal against the methods adopted by the missionary conversions in Jaffna. Later King of Jaffna sought help from the Tanjore Nayaks in repelling Portuguese advances through many battles.
[edit] Public Contributions
Achuthappa Nayak was deeply religious from his young days and the fertile nature of his country helped him make large contributions in gifts and infrastructure to major Temples and also important irrigation systems. The main benefactor was the Srirangam Temple. His assistant and advisor was his minister Govinda Diksita.
[edit] Srirangam Temple
The Srirangam Temple towers (Gopurams) of the North and West and the eighth Prakara (temple Wall Street) and several Halls (Mandapam) inside the Temple complex were built by him. The Golden Vimana of the inner most shrines (Temple Flag) and the image of God studded with Crown jewels was presented by Achuthappa Nayak.
[edit] Other Temples
His other major contributions include the Pushyamantapas (Halls) with steps leading to river Cauvery in Mayavaram, Tiruvidaimarudur, Tiruvadi and Kumbakonam and Golden Kalasas of Tiruvannamalai Temple Gopurams (Towers) some of the Gopurams in Rameswaram. Several temples in Arcot and Tanjore regions namely Temples in Tiruvidaimarudur and Chidambaram received Villages as grants.
[edit] Irrigation
His one remarkable contribution is the construction of a dam across Cauvery near Tiruvadi leading to efficient irrigation in its vicinity.
[edit] Housing
Numerous Agraharas (Housing for Brahmins) in Tanjore country were built in his period.
[edit] Final years
During his last days the Rayas now ruling from Chandragiri and Vellore had rival claimants within the family to the title and were heading for a war with the other Nayak kings taking sides for their vested interests.
[edit] Raghunatha Nayak
Ragunatha Nayak (1612-1634) is regarded as the greatest in the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty. He is famous for his patronage of literature other scholarly research. One of his wives, Ramabhadrama was highly educated and a gifted poet. During his time he granted military assistance to the Chandragiri ruler Venkatagiri to recover most of his lost areas from the Golconda forces. In 1620 Raghunatha Nayak permitted a Dutch settlement at Tarangambadi. This encouraged the English to seek trade with the Thanjavur Nayaks.
Raghnatha was a gifted scholar in both Sanskrit and Telugu language, as well as a talented musician. His court was distinguished for its assembly of poets and scholars. Ragunatha is credited with writing several books on music and Telugu literature. Maduravani and Ramabhadramba were two famous poetesses in his court, while Sudhindra and Raghavendra were two famous Madhva gurus patronised by him. Govinda Dikshita's son Yajnanarayana has written an account on Raghunatha's rule in his work Sahitya Ratnakara.
It was during Raghunatha's reign that a palace library was established. Sarasvati Bhandar, where manuscripts of Raghunatha’s prolific court scholars were collected and preserved. This library was to be developed and enriched later by Rajah Serfoji II into the current famous Saraswati Mahal Library.
[edit] Vijaya Raghava Nayak
Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1645-1673), was the last of the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur. His long reign witnessed a large amount of literary output both in music and Telugu literature. Vijayaraghava’s court had a number of poets and literary scholars. Vijayaraghava Nayaka wrote more than thirty books in Telugu. His long reign sadly came to an abrupt end by the Chokkanatha Nayak of Madurai.
[edit] End of Nayak rule
for additional details see Chokkanatha Nayak
The end of the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty was brought on by Chokkanatha Nayak, the Nayak of Madurai. The dispute was due to the refusal of Vijaya Ragava to give his daughter in marriage to Chokkanatha Nayak. Chokkantha determined to fetch the maiden by force back into their capital, successfully stormed the Thanjavur palace in 1673 after flattening much of the fort walls by cannons. But Chokkanatha was thwarted in his attempts by Vijaya Ragava, when he, in a gruesome act of defiance, blew up his daughter and all the other ladies of the palace. He then charged at the attacking army with his son and his body-guard. He was captured after a brief fight, and was beheaded by the Madurai General Venkata Krishnappa.
[edit] Maratha conquest
Chokkanatha placed his brother Alagiri on the throne of Thanjavur, but within a year the latter threw off his allegiance, and Chokkanatha was forced to recognise the independence of Thanjavur. A son of Vijaya Raghava induced the Bijapur Sultan to help his get back the Thanjavur throne. In 1675, the Sultan of Bijapur sent a force commanded by the Maratha general Venkaji (alias Ekoji) to drive away the Madurai usurper. Venkaji defeated Alagiri with ease, and occupied Thanjavur. He did not, however, place his protege on the throne as instructed by the Bijapur Sultan, but seized the kingdom and made himself king. Thus ended the reign of Nayaks and the start of Maratha power in Thanjavur.
[edit] References
- Nagaswamy, R Tamil Coins- a study, (1970), State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu
- http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/Thanjavur/Thanjavur_Nayaks/thanjavur_nayaks.html
[edit] Bibliography
- Vriddhagirisan V,Nayaks of Tanjore ,ISBN : 8120609964,Reprint Annamalainagar 1942 edn.) 1995
- Rao, Velcheru Narayana, and David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamilnadu (Delhi ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998) ; xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 22 cm. ; Oxford India paperbacks ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; ISBN 0-19-564399-2.
- Sathianathaier, R. History of the Nayaks of Madura [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar ; edited for the University, with introduction and notes by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924) ; see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924) ; xvi, 403 p. ; 21 cm. ; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
- Vriddhagirisan V,Nayaks of Tanjore ,ISBN : 8120609964,Reprint Annamalainagar 1942 edn.) 1995
s]] Famous Personalities=
- K.G. Baalakrishnan — chairman of KG Denim Limited of Tamil Nadu
- V. Gopalswamy — Tamil Nadu nationalist politician
- Amma Naidoo — South African freedom fighter
- Indira Naidoo — Australian broadcaster
- Leela Naidu — actress in 1950s and 1960s. 1954 Miss India
- P.V. Rangaiah Naidu — former Union Minister
- N. Chandrababu Naidu — chief minister of Andhra Pradesh 1995–2004
- Xavier Naidoo — German singer of South African/Indian Tamil descent
- Some famous Balija Naidus(Kapus )are E.V.Ramaswami Naiker(founder of Dravida Kazhagam),S.V.Ranga Rao(actor),Chiranjeevi(actor),Savithri(actress),Kannamba(actress),M.R.Radha(actor),Sobha Naidu(Kuchipudi and Bharathanatyam dancer),C.K.Naidu(cricketer),Kodi Ramamurthi Naidu(wrestler),Dasari Narayana Rao(minister and Cine director),Dwaram Venkataswami Naidu(Karnatic musician),Thapi Dharma Rao Naidu(writer),Manikonda Chalapathi Rao(Journalist),Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu(Father of Telugu films),M.S.Ramaiah,D.K.Adikeshavulu Naidu and Narayana(Owners of Educational institutions).
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] Sources
Categories: Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from February 2007 | All articles needing copy edit | Ruling clans of India | Indian monarchs | History of Tamil Nadu | Tamil people | Telugu people | Hindu monarchs | Telugu monarchs | Tamil monarchs | Articles lacking sources from March 2007 | All articles lacking sources | Indian family names | Tamil society | Telugu society | Karnataka society
