Near net shape
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Near net shape is an industrial production technique. The name implies that the initial production of the item is very close to the final (net) shape.
An example is Metal injection molding where fine metal powders are injection molded with a polymer or other binder. Then a series of steps removes the binder and the metal powder is fused into its final shape by heat and pressure (sintering).
Other near net shape techniques use precision manufacturing methods such as isostatic pressing, gelcasting, superplastic forming, rapid prototyping and the Lanxide process to produce precision parts which require very little finishing work.
Reducing traditional finishing such as machining or grinding eliminates more than two-thirds of the production costs in some industries.
Near net shape can also be used for structural ceramic production.
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