Old World warbler
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
|
||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
|
Nearly 50, see text |
The Old World Warblers, family Sylviidae, are a group of more than 280 small insectivorous passerine bird species. The Sylviidae mainly occur as breeding species, as the name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent Africa. However, most birds of temperate regions are strongly migratory, and winter in the latter continent or tropical Asia. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, and the sexes are identical with most warblers, but many have distinctive songs.
The American Wood warblers, Parulidae, and the Australian warblers, Acanthizidae, are unrelated to the Sylviidae.
The largely southern warbler family Cisticolidae is traditionally often included in the Sylviidae. The Kinglets, genus Regulus, family Regulidae, are also frequently placed in this family. The American Ornithologists' Union includes the gnatcatchers, family Polioptilidae, in the Sylviidae. As recently determined, this family is reciprocally paraphyletic with the Timaliidae and several genera need to be moved in both. Indeed one study [1] found that the major warbler groups form distinct clades interspersed with well-established, non-warbler sylvioid families (e.g. Swallows, Bulbuls, Long-tailed Tits). The authors propose the creation of several new families (Phylloscopidae, Cettiidae, Acrocephalidae, Megaluridae, and an as yet unnamed African clade) to better reflect the evolutionary history of the sylvioid group.
FAMILY SYLVIIDAE
- Genus Tesia - ground warblers - part of proposed Cettiidae
- Chestnut-headed Tesia, Tesia castaneocoronata
- Javan Tesia, Tesia superciliaris
- Slaty-bellied Tesia, Tesia olivea
- Grey-bellied Tesia, Tesia cyaniventer
- Russet-capped Tesia, Tesia everetti
- Genus Urosphena - stubtails - part of proposed Cettiidae
- Timor Stubtail, Urosphena subulata
- Babar Stubtail, Urosphena subulata advena - extinct (mid-20th century)
- Bornean Stubtail, Urosphena whiteheadi
- Asian Stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
- Timor Stubtail, Urosphena subulata
- Genus Cettia - bush warblers (about 15 species; paraphyletic) - part of proposed Cettiidae
- Genus Bradypterus - bush warblers (more than 20 species; paraphyletic with Megalurus and Locustella) - part of proposed Megaluridae
- Genus Dromaeocercus - emu-tails
- Brown Emu-tail, Dromaeocercus brunneus
- Grey Emu-tail, Dromaeocercus seebohmi
- Genus Bathmocercus - rufous-warblers - part of Cisticolidae
- Black-capped Rufous Warbler, Bathmocercus cerviniventris
- Black-faced Rufous Warbler, Bathmocercus rufus
- Genus Sceptomycter - part of Cisticolidae
- Mrs Moreau's Warbler, Sceptomycter winifredae - part of Cisticolidae
- Genus Nesillas - brush warblers
- Aldabra Brush Warbler, Nesillas aldabrana - extinct (c.1984)
- Anjouan Brush Warbler, Nesillas longicaudata
- Madagascar Brush Warbler, Nesillas typica
- Grand Comoro Brush Warbler, Nesillas brevicaudata
- Moheli Brush Warbler, Nesillas mariae
- Genus Thamnornis - part of endemic Malagasy clade[2]
- Thamnornis, Thamnornis chloropetoides
- Genus Melocichla - part of unnamed African clade
- Moustached Grass Warbler, Melocichla mentalis
- Genus Achaetops - part of unnamed African clade
- Damara Rock-jumper, Achaetops pycnopygius
- Genus Sphenoeacus - part of unnamed African clade
- Cape Grassbird, Sphenoeacus afer
- Genus Locustella - grass warblers (9 species) - part of proposed Megaluridae[3]
- Genus Acrocephalus - marsh warblers (about 35 species) - part of proposed Acrocephalidae
- Genus Hippolais - tree warblers (8 species) - part of proposed Acrocephalidae
- Genus Chloropeta - Chloropeta warblers - Part of proposed Acrocephalidae
- African Yellow Warbler, Chloropeta natalensis
- Mountain Yellow Warbler, Chloropeta similis
- Papyrus Yellow Warbler, Chloropeta gracilirostris
- Genus Stenostira - part of a "flycatcher" clade related to Paridae[4]
- Fairy Warbler, Stenostira scita
- Genus Phyllolais
- Buff-bellied Warbler, Phyllolais pulchella
- Genus Orthotomus - tailorbirds (15 species) - Polyphyletic - most in Cisticolidae though at least one in "Cettiidae"
- Genus Poliolais
- White-tailed Warbler, Poliolais lopezi
- Genus Graueria
- Grauer's Warbler, Graueria vittata
- Genus Eremomela - eremomelas
- Salvadori's Eremomela, Eremomela salvadorii
- Yellow-vented Eremomela, Eremomela flavicrissalis
- Yellow-bellied Eremomela, Eremomela icteropygialis
- Senegal Eremomela, Eremomela canescens
- Green-backed Eremomela, Eremomela pusilla
- Greencap Eremomela, Eremomela scotops
- Yellow-rumped Eremomela, Eremomela gregalis
- Rufous-crowned Eremomela, Eremomela badiceps
- Turner's Eremomela, Eremomela turneri
- Black-necked Eremomela, Eremomela atricollis
- Burnt-neck Eremomela, Eremomela usticollis
- Genus Randia
- Rand's Warbler, Randia pseudozosterops
- Genus Cryptosylvicola - part of endemic Malagasy clade
- Cryptic Warbler, Cryptosylvicola randriansoloi
- Genus Sylvietta - crombecs - part of unnamed African clade
- Green Crombec, Sylvietta virens
- Lemon-bellied Crombec, Sylvietta denti
- White-browed Crombec, Sylvietta leucophrys
- Chapin's Crombec, Sylvietta (leucophrys) chapini - possibly extinct (late 20th century?)
- Northern Crombec, Sylvietta brachyura
- Short-billed Crombec, Sylvietta philippae
- Red-capped Crombec, Sylvietta ruficapilla
- Red-faced Crombec, Sylvietta whytii
- Somali Crombec, Sylvietta isabellina
- Cape Crombec, Sylvietta rufescens
- Genus Hemitesia
- Neumann's Warbler, Hemitesia neumanni
- Genus Macrosphenus - longbills - part of unnamed African clade
- Kemp's Longbill, Macrosphenus kempi
- Yellow Longbill, Macrosphenus flavicans
- Grey Longbill, Macrosphenus concolor
- Pulitzer's Longbill, Macrosphenus pulitzeri
- Kretschmer's Longbill, Macrosphenus kretschmeri
- Genus Amaurocichla
- Bocage's Longbill or São Tomé Short-tail, Amaurocichla bocagei
- Genus Hylia - related to Pholidornis (currently in Remizidae) and may form a clade with Phylloscopids and Long-tailed Tits.[5]
- Green Hylia, Hylia prasina
- Genus Leptopoecile - tit-warblers - part of Aegithalidae
- White-browed Tit-warbler, Leptopoecile sophiae
- Crested Tit-warbler, Leptopoecile elegans
- Genus Seicercus - flycatcher warblers - part of proposed Phylloscopidae
- Golden-spectacled Warbler, Seicercus burkii
- Grey-crowned Warbler, Seicercus (burkii) tephrocephalus
- Whistler's Warbler, Seicercus (burkii) whistleri
- Bianchi's Warbler Warbler, Seicercus (burkii) valentini
- Emei Shan Warbler, Seicercus omeiensis
- Plain-tailed Warbler, Seicercus soror
- White-spectacled Warbler, Seicercus affinis - paraphyletic
- Bar-winged White-spectacled Warbler, Seicercus (affinis) intermedius
- Grey-cheeked Warbler, Seicercus poliogenys
- Grey-hooded Warbler, Seicercus xanthoschistos
- Chestnut-crowned Warbler, Seicercus castaniceps
- Yellow-breasted Warbler, Seicercus montis
- Sunda Warbler, Seicercus grammiceps
- Golden-spectacled Warbler, Seicercus burkii
- Genus Phylloscopus - leaf warblers (c.55 species) - part of proposed Phylloscopidae
- Genus Abroscopus - Abroscopus warblers - part of proposed Cettiidae
- Rufous-faced Warbler, Abroscopus albogularis
- Yellow-bellied Warbler, Abroscopus superciliaris
- Black-faced Warbler, Abroscopus schisticeps
- Genus Tickellia - part of proposed Cettiidae
- Broad-billed Warbler, Tickellia hodgsoni
- Genus Hyliota - hyliotas - basal clade unrelated to warblers[6]
- Yellow-bellied Hyliota, Hyliota flavigaster
- Southern Hyliota, Hyliota australis
- Usambara Hyliota, Hyliota usambarae
- Violet-backed Hyliota, Hyliota violacea
- Genus Megalurus - grassbirds - part of proposed Megaluridae
- Marsh Grassbird, Megalurus pryeri
- Tawny Grassbird, Megalurus timoriensis
- Little Grassbird, Megalurus gramineus
- Striated Grassbird, Megalurus palustris
- Fly River Grassbird, Megalurus albolimbatus
- Genus Bowdleria - fernbirds (sometimes placed in Megalurus)
- Fernbird, Bowdleria punctata
- Chatham Islands Fernbird, Bowdleria rufescens - extinct (c.1900)
- Genus Chaetornis
- Bristled Grassbird, Chaetornis striatus
- Genus Graminicola - related to Babblers
- Rufous-rumped Grassbird, Graminicola bengalensis
- Genus Schoenicola - grassbirds
- Broad-tailed Grassbird, Schoenicola platyura
- Fan-tailed Grassbird, Schoenicola brevirostris
- Genus Cincloramphus - songlarks
- Brown Songlark, Cincloramphus cruralis
- Rufous Songlark, Cincloramphus mathewsi
- Genus Eremiornis
- Spinifex-bird, Eremiornis carteri
- Genus Buettikoferella
- Buff-banded Bushbird, Buettikoferella bivittata
- Genus Megalurulus - thicketbirds
- New Caledonian Grassbird, Megalurulus mariei
- Bismarck Thicketbird, Megalurulus grosvenori
- Bougainville Thicketbird, Megalurulus llaneae
- Guadalcanal Thicketbird, Megalurulus whitneyi
- Rusty Thicketbird, Megalurulus rubiginosus
- Genus Trichocichla - Long-legged Warbler
The Newtonias are now considered vangas [7]
The next three genera along with certain babblers form the Sylviidae (sensu stricto). This clade may eventually be subsumed within the babbler family Timaliidae, though this could lead to unwanted nomenclature problems.[8]
- Genus Chamaea - Wrentit
- Genus Sylvia - typical warblers (c.20 species)
- Genus Parisoma - Parisoma warblers
- Layard's Warbler, Parisoma layardi
- Rufous-vented Warbler, Parisoma subcaeruleum
- Brown Warbler, Parisoma lugens
- Banded Warbler, Parisoma boehmi
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
- Old World warblers videos on the Internet Bird Collection
[edit] Bibliography
- Shirihai, Hadoram. 2001. Sylvia warblers. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 576 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 25 cm.
- Baker, Kevin. 1997. Warblers of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 400 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 24 cm.
- Simms, Eric. 1985. British warblers. London : Collins, 432 p., 6 p. of plates : ill. (some col.), maps ; 23 cm.
[edit] References
- ^ Alström, P.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Olsson, U.; Sundberg, P. (2006): Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38: 381-397.
- ^ Cibois, A., B. Slikas, T. S. Schulenberg & E. Pasquet. 2001. An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Evolution 55: 1198-1206.
- ^ Drovetski, S.V., Zink, R.M., Fadeev, I.V., Nesterov, E.V., Koblik, Ye.A, Red’kin, Ya.A., and Rohwer, S. 2004. Mitochondrial phylogeny of Locustella and related genera. Journal of Avian Biology 35: 105-110.
- ^ Beresford, P., F.K. Barker, P.G. Ryan, and T.M. Crowe. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'. Proc. R. Soc. B 272: 849-858.
- ^ Sefc K.M., Payne R.B., Sorenson M.D., 2003: Phylogenetic relationships of African sunbird-like warblers: Moho Hypergerus atriceps, Green Hylia Hylia prasina and Tit-hylia Pholidornis rushiae. The Ostrich 74: 8-17.
- ^ Fuchs, J., J. Fjeldså, R. C. K. Bowie, G. Voelker, and E. Pasquet. 2006. The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the oscine songbird tree: Molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 39:186-197.
- ^ Yamagishi, S., M. Honda, K. Eguchi, and R. Thorstrom. 2001. Extreme endemic radiation of the Malagasy Vangas (Aves: Passeriformes). Journal Molecular Evolution 53: 39-46.
- ^ Sylvia is a babbler: taxonomic implications for the families Sylviidae and Timaliidae. Cibois A. Bull BOC 123: 257-261. 2003
