Parenthetical citation
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Within the context of a document composed as per some style guide, a 'parenthetical citation' (or 'parenthetical notation') is a reference to a source that is placed (in parentheses) at the end of a sentence, but prior to the period/fullstop. It typically references a complete citation typically found elsewhere in the document (for example, in a document composed per the MLA style manual the citation may reference a work fully detailed in a Works Cited page).
As an example, in an academic work, the following paragraph cites a work using parenthetical citation:
Social representations theory posits that reified scientific knowledge that exists at the boundaries of a given society, will be interpreted in meaningful and often simplified forms by the majority (Pauling 25).
The text "(Pauling 25)" is the parenthetical citation, citating some original work, 25 means what page it's on or the paragraph number, and Pauling represents the last name of the author. Different style guides will have different conventions regarding proper usage of parenthetical citations.
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