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Afghanistan has only intermittently been a republic - between 1973-1992 and from 2001 onwards - at other times being governed by a variety of kings, emirs and (under the mujahideen and Taliban regimes in the 1990s) Islamist rulers.
The present constitution of Afghanistan grants the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national parliament. These were a subject of considerable controversy when debated by the country's loya jirga in December 2003. However, they were seen by the interim administration and its Western backers as being essential to securing the stability of Afghanistan.
[edit] Latest election
[discuss] – [edit]
Summary of the 9 October 2004 Afghanistan presidential election results
| Candidates (Ethnic background) - Nominating party |
Votes |
% |
| Hamid Karzai (Pashtun) |
4,443,029 |
55.4% |
| Yunus Qanuni (Tajik) - Afghan Nationalist Party |
1,306,503 |
16.3% |
| Mohammed Mohaqiq (Hazara) - Independent (Wahdat Islamic Unity Party) |
935,325 |
11.7% |
| Abdul Rashid Dostum (Uzbek) - Independent (National Islamic Movement) |
804,861 |
10.0% |
| Abdul Latif Pedram (Tajik) - National Congress Party |
110,160 |
1.4% |
| Massouda Jalal (Tajik) |
91,415 |
1.1% |
| Sayed Ashaq Gailani* (Pashtun) - National Solidarity Movement |
80,081 |
1.0% |
| Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai (Pashtun) - Independent (Islamic Revolutionary Movement) |
60,199 |
0.8% |
| Abdul Satar Sirat (Tajik) |
30,201 |
0.4% |
| Hamyon Shah Aasifi (Pashtun) - Independent (National Unity Party) |
26,224 |
0.3% |
| Ghulam Farooq Nejrabi (Tajik) - Afghan Independence Party |
24,232 |
0.3% |
| Sayed Abdul Hadi Dabir (Tajik) |
24,057 |
0.3% |
| Abdul Hafiz Mansoor (Tajik) - Independent (Islamic Society) |
19,728 |
0.2% |
| Abdul Hadi Khalilzai (Pashtun) |
18,082 |
0.2% |
| Mir Mahfuz Nedahi (Pashtun) |
16,054 |
0.2% |
| Mohammed Ibrahim Rashid (Pashtun) |
14,242 |
0.2% |
| Wakil Mangal (Pashtun) |
11,770 |
0.1% |
| Abdul Hasib Aarian* (Tajik) |
8,373 |
0.1% |
| Total Valid Votes (turnout %) |
8,024,536 |
100.0% |
| Invalid Votes |
104,404 |
|
| Total Votes |
8,128,940 |
|
[edit] Presidents of Afghanistan
[edit] Republic of Afghanistan (1973-1978)
[edit] Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (April 1978 - November 1987)
The government was reconstructed in classical Leninist fashion. Until 1985 it was governed by a provisional constitution, The Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Supreme sovereignty was vested in a Revolutionary Council, originally a body of fifty-eight members whose number later varied. Its executive committee, the Presidium, exercised power when the council was not in formal session. The Revolutionary Council was presided over by the President of the Democratic Republic.
| Order |
|
Name |
Inaugurated |
Left Office |
Flag |
Political Party |
| 1st President |
|
Nur Mohammad Taraki |
April 30, 1978 |
September 14, 1979 |
 |
PDPA - Khalq |
| 2nd President |
|
Hafizullah Amin |
September 14, 1979 |
December 27, 1979 |
 |
PDPA - Khalq |
| 3th President |
|
Babrak Karmal |
December 27, 1979 |
November 24, 1986 |
 |
PDPA - Parcham |
| Interim |
|
Haji Mohammad Chamkani |
November 24, 1986 |
September 30, 1987 |
|
Independent |
| 4th President |
|
Mohammad Najibullah |
September 30, 1987 |
November 30, 1987 |
 |
PDPA - Parcham |
[edit] Republic of Afghanistan (November 1987 - April 1996)
A new constitution took effect in November 1987. The name of the country was reverted to the Republic of Afghanistan; the State Council was replaced by a National Assembly for which "progressive parties" could freely compete.
[edit] Islamic State of Afghanistan (April 1992 - September 1996)
[edit] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004- )
[edit] See also
List of leaders of Afghanistan
[edit] External links
