Reference ranges for common blood tests
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A reference range is a set of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results. The range is usually defined as the set of values 95% of the normal population falls within.
It must be remembered that the reference range will vary, depending on the age, sex and race of a population, and even the instruments the laboratory uses to perform the tests. Also remember that by definition 5% of the normal population will fall outside the reference range.
These are approximate adult values that are intended as a guide to students and those interested, they are not a substitute for medical advice.
| Category | Test | Low | High | Unit | Comments |
| CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY | - | - | - | - | - |
| Electrolytes and Metabolites | Sodium (Na) | 133[1] | 147 | mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 3.5[2] | 5 | mmol/L | ||
| Urea | 2.6 | 6.8 | mmol/L | BUN - blood urea nitrogen | |
| Urea | 10 | 20 | mg/dL | ||
| Urea - UK | 2.5 | 6.4 | mmol/L | ||
| Creatinine - UK, male | 63 | 116 | μmol/L | ||
| Creatinine - UK, female | 54 | 98 | μmol/L | ||
| Creatinine - US | 50 | 110 | μmol/L | ||
| Creatinine - US | 0.5[3] | 1.4 | mg/dL | ||
| Glucose (fasting) | 4.2 | 6.1 | mmol/L | See also glycosylated hemoglobin | |
| Glucose (fasting) | 75 | 115 | mg/dL | ||
| Glucose (fasting) - UK | 4.5 | 5.6 | mmol/L | ||
| Liver function tests | Total Protein | 60 | 80 | g/L | |
| Albumin | 35[4] | 50 | g/L | ||
| Total Bilirubin | 2 | 14 | μmol/L | ||
| Direct Bilirubin | 0 | 4 | μmol/L | ||
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) | 8 | 40 | U/L | Also called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 40 | 130 | U/L | Higher in children and pregnant women. | |
| Gamma glutamyl transferase | n/a | 50 | U/L | ||
| Other enzymes and proteins | Creatine kinase (CK) - male | 24[5] | 195 | U/L | |
| Creatine kinase (CK) - female | 24[6] | 170 | U/L | ||
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) | 8 | 35 | U/L | Also called serum glutamic oxatoacetic transaminase (SGOT) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | 85 | 285 | U/L | ||
| Amylase | n/a | 120[7] | U/L | ||
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | n/a | 5[8] | mg/L | ||
| D-dimer | n/a | 500 | ng/mL | ||
| Other ions and trace metals | Ionised calcium (Ca) | 1.15 | 1.29 | mmol/L | Some calcium is bound to albumin, thus not measured by certain techniques. |
| Total calcium (Ca) | 2.05 | 2.55 | mmol/L | ||
| Copper (Cu) | 11[9] | 24 | μmol/L | ||
| Zinc (Zn) | 10 | 17 | μmol/L | ||
| Lipids | Triglycerides | 0.4 | 2 | mmol/L | |
| Total cholesterol | 3 | 5.0[10] | mmol/L | ||
| HDL cholesterol (male) | 0.7 | 1.9 | mmol/L | ||
| (female) | 0.9 | 2.4 | mmol/L | ||
| LDL cholesterol | 2.4 | 3[10] | mmol/L | Not valid when triglycerides >5.0 mmol/L. | |
| Tumour markers | Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) | n/a | 10 | kU/l | |
| Beta Human chorionic gonadotrophin (bHCG) | n/a | 5 | IU/l | ||
| CA-125 (also CA12.5) | n/a | 35 | U/ml | ||
| CA15.3 | n/a | 28 | U/ml | ||
| CA19.9 | n/a | 40[3] | U/ml | ||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) - non-smokers | n/a | 3 | μg/l | ||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) - smokers | n/a | 5 | μg/l | ||
| Prostate specific antigen (PSA) | n/a | 4 | μg/L | ||
| Hormones | Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | 0.4 | 4.7 | mIU/L | Also called: Thyrotropin |
| Free thyroxine (FT4) | 9 | 24 | pmol/L | ||
| Free triiodothyronine (FT3) | 2.5 | 5.3 | pmol/L | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | 1.3 | 15 | pmol/L | ||
| Cortisol (0830 h) | 250 | 850 | nmol/L | Cortisol levels are higher in the morning than at night. | |
| Cortisol (1630 h) | 110 | 390 | nmol/L | ||
| Prolactin (male) | n/a | 450 | mIU/L | ||
| (female) | n/a | 580 | mIU/L | ||
| Testosterone (male) | 8 | 38 | nmol/L | ||
| (male prepuberty) | 0.1 | 0.5 | nmol/L | ||
| (female) | 0.3 | 2.5 | nmol/L | ||
| HEMATOLOGY | - | - | - | - | - |
| Red blood cells | Haemoglobin (Hb) (male) | 140 | 180 | g/L | Higher in neonates, lower in children. |
| (female) | 115 | 160 | g/L | Sex difference negligible until adulthood. | |
| Haematocrit (Hct) (male) | 0.38 | 0.52 | |||
| (female) | 0.35 | 0.47 | |||
| Mean cell volume (MCV) | 80 | 98 | fL | Cells are larger in neonates, though smaller in other children. | |
| Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) | 26 | 34 | pg | ||
| Red cell count (male) | 4.5 | 6.5 | x1012/L | ||
| (female) | 3.8 | 5.8 | x1012/L | ||
| Reticulocytes | 10 | 100 | x109/L | ||
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | n/a | 20 | mm/hr | Females tend to have a higher ESR. ESR increases with age. | |
| White blood cells | The Total white blood cells | 4 | 11 | x109/L | Higher in neonates and infants. |
| Neutrophil granulocytes | 2 | 7.5 | x109/L | 45-74%. Also known as granulocytes (grans), polys, PMNs, or segs. | |
| Lymphocytes | 1.3 | 4 | x109/L | 16-45% | |
| Monocytes | 0.2 | 0.8 | x109/L | 4.0-10% | |
| Eosinophil granulocytes | 0.04 | 0.4 | x109/L | 0.0-7.0% | |
| Basophil granulocytes | 0.01 | 0.1 | x109/L | 0.0-2.0% | |
| Coagulation | Platelets | 150 | 400 | x109/L | Platelets are part of the formation of blood clots |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | 7 | 10 | s | PT reference varies between laboratory kits - INR is standardised | |
| INR | 0.9 | 1.2 | The INR is a corrected ratio of a patients PT to normal | ||
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) | 29 | 41 | s | ||
| Thrombin clotting time (TCT) | 11 | 18 | s | ||
| Fibrinogen | 1.8 | 4 | g/L | ||
| Bleeding time | 2 | 9 | minutes | ||
| IMMUNOLOGY | - | - | - | - | - |
| Acute phase protein markers of Inflammation | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | 0 | (Age, +10 if female)/2 | mm/hr | |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | 0 | 6 | mg/L | ||
| Autoantibodies | Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) | ||||
| Extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) | |||||
| Rheumatoid factor (RF) | 0 | 20 | IU/mL | High levels not specific for Rheumatoid Arthritis alone. | |
| Serology | Antistreptolysin O titre (ASOT) - preschoolers | n/a | 100 | units/mL | |
| Antistreptolysin O titre (ASOT) - others | n/a | 200 | units/mL |
[edit] References
- ^ GPnotebook 624230467
- ^ GPnotebook 584056899&
- ^ a b http://mycourses.med.harvard.edu/ResCourses/_online_textbooks/PBD/nrrt.htm
- ^ GPnotebook 288686147
- ^ GPnotebook 1436155929
- ^ GPnotebook 1436155929
- ^ GPnotebook 309002307
- ^ GPnotebook 946536472
- ^ GPnotebook 1040580630
- ^ a b GPnotebook -214630397
