Revised Philadelphia Plan
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The Revised Philadelphia Plan is a plan that required government contractors in Philadelphia to hire minority workers. President Richard Nixon's so-called Philadelphia Plan of 1969 required construction-trade unions working on the federal pay roll to establish "goals and timetables" for African American employees. This plan changed "affirmative action" to mean preferable treatment on groups, not individuals, and the Supreme Court's decision on Griggs vs. Duke Power Co. 1971 supported this. However, Caucasians protested to "reverse discrimination" (hiring of minorities for fear of repercussions if too many Caucasians are hired).