Rhamphorhynchoidea

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Rhamphorhynchoids
Fossil range: Late Triassic – Late Jurassic

Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi

Extinct (fossil)

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
(unranked)	Archosauria
Order:	Pterosauria
Suborder:	Rhamphorhynchoidea* Plieninger, 1901

Families

Dimorphodontidae
Anurognathidae
Campylognathoididae
Rhamphorhynchidae

The Rhamphorhynchoidea forms one of the two suborders of pterosaurs and represent a grade of primitive members of this group of flying reptiles. This suborder is paraphyletic in relation to the Pterodactyloidea, which arose from within the Ramphorhynchoidea, not from a more distant common ancestor. Because it is not a completely natural grouping, Rhamphorhynchoidea is not used in most formal scientific literature, though some pterosaur scientists continue to use it as an informal grouping in popular works, such as The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time by David Unwin (2006). Ramphorhynchoids were the first pterosaurs to have appeared, in the late Triassic Period. Unlike their descendants the pterodactyloids, most rhamphorhynchoids had teeth and long tails, and most species lacked a bony crest, though several are known to have crests formed from soft tissue like keratin. They were generally small, and their fingers were still adapted to climbing^{[citation needed]}. They disappeared at the end of the Jurassic period.

1 Classification
- 1.1 Taxonomy
- 1.2 Phylogeny
2 References

[edit] Classification

[edit] Taxonomy

Listing of families and superfamilies within the suborder Rhamphorhynchoidea, after Unwin 2006.

Order Pterosauria
- Suborder Rhamphorhynchoidea *
  - Preondactylus
  - Family Dimorphodontidae
    - Dimorphodon
    - Peteinosaurus
  - Family Anurognathidae
  - Superfamily Campylognathoidea
    - Family Campylognathoididae
      - Austriadactylus
      - Eudimorphodon
      - Campylognathoides
  - Family Rhamphorhynchidae
    - Subfamily Rhamphorhynchinae
      - Angustinaripterus
      - Dorygnathus
      - Nesodactylus
      - Rhamphocephalus
      - Rhamphorhynchus
    - Subfamily Scaphognathinae
      - Cacibupteryx
      - Harpactognathus
      - Pterorhynchus
      - Scaphognathus
      - Sordes

Rhamphorhynchoids of uncertain relationships (incertae sedis)
- Comodactylus
- Laopteryx
- Odontorhynchus
- Parapsicephalus
- Rhamphinion

[edit] Phylogeny

Cladogram after Unwin (2003). For alternate cladograms, see List of pterosaur classifications. In phylogenetic taxonomy, "rhamphorhynchoids" consist of all basal (primitive) pterosaurs that do not belong to the clade Pterodactyloidea.

 Pterosauria
 |-?Comodactylus 
 |-?Laopteryx 
 |-?Odontorhynchus 
 |-?Rhamphinion 
 |-?Preondactylus 
 `--Macronychoptera
    |--Dimorphodontidae
    `--Caelidracones
       |--Anurognathidae
       `--Lonchognatha
          |--Campylognathoididae
          `--Breviquartossa
             |--Rhamphorhynchidae
             |  |--Scaphognathinae
             |  `--Rhamphorhynchinae
             `--Pterodactyloidea

[edit] References

Unwin, D. M., (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs." In Buffetaut, E. & Mazin, J.-M., eds. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. London: Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, 2003, pp. 139-190.