River Carron (Forth)
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The River Carron (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Carrann) is a river in central Scotland. This river has given its name to towns in Falkirk, a variety of regional features, a type of cannon, a line of bathtubs, two warships and an island in the Southern Hemisphere.
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[edit] River Carron
The river rises in the Campsie Fells before flowing into Carron Valley Reservoir. It passes by Denny, then between Larbert and Falkirk before flowing into the Firth of Forth near Grangemouth.
[edit] Carron Bridge
The Carron Bridge (also called Carronbridge as evidenced by the name of the local Carronbridge Hotel) crosses the Carron at the eastern extremity of Carron Valley Forest. It was built in 1695 to replace a ford that had existed for many hundreds of years as part of an old drove road from Kilsyth to Stirling. This bridge, with its two span stone arches, looks larger than it needs to be because the river was much larger before Carron Dam was built to create a reservoir in the 1930s.
[edit] Historical references
The river is thought by some to be the "Itys" described by Ptolemy in Geographia, his extensive 2nd century complilation of geographical knowledge.[1]
Nennius, the Welsh historian of the 9th century, believed the name of the Carron was derived from Carausius, the 3rd century Roman commander who declared himself emperor of Britannia and northern Gaul.[2]
According to the Ossian poems of James Macpherson, the waterway's name is Scots Gaelic in origin and means "winding river". Another etymology which is just as plausible is that the river's original name was is derived from the Brythonic word "Caeravon" meaning "river of the caers" eluding to the Roman fortifications built on its banks as a barrier between their territory and that of the Picts.[2]
In the 17th century, William Nimmo described the river and region as follows:
The whole length of its course, from west to east, is some 14 miles, the first half of which is spent among bleak hills and rocks, but, when it has reached the low grounds, its banks are fertile and wooded, and, as it advances, the neighbouring soil increases in richness and value...The stream is small comparatively, yet there is no river in Scotland whose surroundings have been the scene of so many memorable events.
...A short distance from its source, the river enters the Carron Bog. This vast plain and meadow... [is] Considerably elevated above the ocean, it occupies part of the table-land between the eastern and western coasts. It has, probably, been a lake at no very distant period, and gradually filled by the hill brooks washing down debris. Part, indeed, is a swamp scarcely passable at any time, but nearly inundated by every heavy rain.
...in the division called Temple Denny, the Carron, having worn a hollow channel in the rock, forms a beautiful cascade, by pouring its contracted stream over a precipice above 20 feet in height...When the river is in flood, and a triumphant torrent sweeps down the glen, this cascade is unsurpassed among Scottish streams for the grandeur of its storm of spray...Over the serpentine road down-hill to Denny the spirit of beauty everywhere prevails. The intervening district, indeed, is famous for its pastoral undulations; and from almost every breezy brae-top a charming view is got of the wooded banks of the river – foliage which, even in the present green-tide, displays all the variety of autumnal richness.[2]
The river is also referred to in the Scots language song "Lads O' the Fair":
For ye can see them a', the lads o' the fair
Lads frae the Forth an' the Carron Water
Workin' lads an' lads wi' gear
Lads that'll sell ye the provost's dochter
Sogers back frae the German Wars
Peddlers up frae the Border[3]
[edit] Carron Valley area
As mentioned above, the terrain in and around the Carron Valley is rough and scenic. Munros and Corbetts jut skyward from the landscape. As such, the region attracts birdwatchers,anglers, geocachers and orienteering enthusiasts, hikers, hill and mountain climbers, hunters mountain bikers, photographers and sight-seers.
[edit] Carron Valley Reservoir
The 1000 acre Carron Valley Reservoir, completed in 1939 is one of the most scenic trout fisheries in central Scotland. Situated high in the Campsie Fells yet only twenty minutes from Stirling and half an hour from Glasgow, the loch offers scenic vistas and fly fishing for a combination of wild trout and trout stocked by Carron Valley Fishery.[4]
The reservoir has proved to be an ideal habitat for the Carron's indigenous brown trout population. Thriving on the rich feeding of the newly flooded river valley and with easy access to its many excellent spawning and nursery streams, the "wild brownies" of the Carron Valley Reservoir are numerous.[4]
[edit] The Carron Works
The Carron Company (also known as the Carron Works) was an ironworks established in 1759 on the north bank of the River Carron two miles north of Falkirk. This company was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom.[5][6]
The company's local coal mining operations where known as the Carron Collieries The villages of Carronhall and Carronshore contained dwellings for miners and factory workers. This area was serviced by the Carron Branch Railway.[5]
Through the factory's products, the river's name passed to the naval cannon called the carronade. These big guns were used during in Napoleonic Wars in melees such as the Battle of Trafalgar as well as various naval battles during the American Civil War.[7]
The ironworks also produced the Carron bath, a large bathtub. Although the Carron Company was sold in 1982, these tubs are still manufactured in Falkirk by Carron Bathrooms Ltd {owned by Carron Phoenix, a division of the Swiss firm that bought Carron Company) and distributed across Britain. These baths are now made of acrylic and, for extra cost, may be coated in a protective substance the company calls "carronite".[8]
[edit] Warships
The HMS Carron was planned as a Loch class frigate but the design was changed and she was renamed "HMS Gerrans Bay" in mid-construction. Completed in 1944, she served in World War II and eventually ended up as the HMS Surprise, a Bay class frigate.[9]
The USS Carronade (named after the cannon that was named after the river), was an ship of the U.S. Navy that was completed in 1955. Finished too late to serve in the Korean War, she was taken out of service but re-commissioned for the Vietnam War. She was decommissioned again in 1969.[10]
[edit] Carronade Island
In July 1916, the HMAS Encounter was on wartime patrol and came to a small island on the northern coast of Western Australia. The crew discovered two bronze cannons standing six feet apart and pointing into the air.[11][12]
Since at the time these guns were erroneously thought to be carronades, the island on which they had been found was named Carronade Island after this discovery. Several 20th century observers misconstrued the origin of these guns and they were long throught to give weight to the theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia.[11][12]
However, scientists at the Western Australian Museum in Fremantle have recently made a detailed analysis and have determined that these weapons are almost certainly of Makassan, rather than European, origin.
[edit] See also
- Carron Company
- Lochcarron
- Loch Carron
- List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Falkirk and Clackmannan
- List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Nithsdale
- Stenhousemuir
[edit] Notes
- ^ A historical perspective, drawn from the Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical edited by Francis H. Groome and originally published in parts by Thomas C. Jack, Grange Publishing Works, Edinburgh between 1882 and 1885.
- ^ a b c William Nimmo’s History of Stirlingshire, "Chapter XXXII – Rivers and Lochs" originally published in 1777 and revised by R. Gillispie in 1880 edition.
- ^ "Lads O' the Fair" by Brian McNeill Some recorded versions have slightly different words but all include the "Carron Water" reference.
- ^ a b Carron Valley Fly Fishing
- ^ a b Watters, Brian & Donald, John. Where Iron Runs Like Water! A new history of Carron Iron Works 1759-1982, 1998.
- ^ One might assume that Verney-Carron, France's number one manufacturer of hunting guns, acquired Carron Company's munitions interests. However, as Pierre Verney-Carron is the Président du Directoire and his son Jean Verney-Carron is Directeur Général, it seems that "Verney-Carron" is simply the surname of this very old company's owners and is unrelated to the company in Falkirk.
- ^ Cannons and Carronades
- ^ Carron Bathrooms Ltd.
- ^ Loch Class Frigate Association
- ^ USS Carronade - IFS 1
- ^ a b Maritime Archaeology Department of the Western Australian Maritime Museum "An investigation of one of the two bronze guns from Carronade Island, Western Australia"
- ^ a b Green, Jeremy N. The Carronade Island guns and Australia's early visitors. Great circle, Vol.4, no.1 (1982), p.73-83.
[edit] References
- Guide to the River Cannon
- Lavery, Brian (1989). Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organisation 1793-1815. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 1-59114-611-9.
- Loch Doule
- Walk on the Wild Side: Maol Chean-dearg
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
