Skip bombing

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Skip bombing was a low-level bombing technique refined for use against Imperial Japanese Navy warships and transports by Major William Benn of the 63rd Squadron, 43rd Bomb Group (Heavy), 5th Air Force, United States Army Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area theatre during World War II.

The bombing aircraft flew at very low altitudes (200 to 250 feet above sea level) at speeds ranging from 200 to 250 miles per hour. They would release a "stick" of two to four bombs (usually 500 or 1000-pounders) equipped with four- to five-second time delay fuses at a distance of 60 to 300 feet from the side of the target ship. The bombs would "skip" over the surface of the water in a manner similar to stone skipping and either bounce into the side of the ship and detonate, submerge and explode under the ship, or bounce over the target and explode as an airburst. All outcomes were found to be effective.

Various aircraft types were used for skip-bombing attacks, including B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers, B-25 Mitchell medium bombers, and A-20 Havoc attack bombers. These were supported by heavily-armed Royal Australian Air Force Bristol Beaufighters, which would suppress Japanese antiaircraft fire with their machine guns and autocannons.

The most notable use of this technique was during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea (March 2 - March 4, 1943), off the northern coast of New Guinea.

The technique was also later employed against targets on land.

A fictional account of a skip-bombing attack (from the viewpoint of a Japanese soldier aboard a troopship) is detailed in the book Cryptonomicon by Neal Stephenson.

Unlike the bouncing bomb developed by the British for use against German dams in WWII, this technique used standard bomb types.

[edit] References

Murphy, James T. (1993) Skip Bombing, Praeger Publishers ISBN 0275945405
Resume of Skip Bombing by Hq. 43rd Bomb Gp (H), 9 March 1943. Original WWII document on the technique.
Skip Bombing at website of World War II 43rd Bomb Group (H), 5th AAF – Accessed March 2007
Skip Bombing With Logs at the website "The Jungle Air Force of WWII, 1942-1945" - article on skip-bombing practice.